文化水利初探

通过文化三个层面与水利实践相结合的论述,提出了文化水利的概念,对其性质与内涵及重要性进行了研究与阐述,并就具体实施提出了对策措施．而文化水利的提出,是从实践上升到理论,无论是对于大水利的规划,还是对于具体工程的建设,特别是水环境整治,都具有一定的理论影响和实践指导意义。     

ICEAS工艺下污水处理厂的节能控制问题研究

综述了应用于国内外污水处理系统中的各种类型的控制模式和自控系统的特点,并结合污水处理厂ICEAS工艺的特点,研究确定了该厂的节能控制策略。该策略以学习控制为基础,既能够有效地降低能耗,又减少了系统对昂贵的在线仪表的过度依赖。在此基础上进行了软硬件的设计。     

Field-Testing of Methyl Salicylate for Recruitment and Retention of Beneficial Insects in Grapes and Hops

Evidence for recruitment and retention of beneficial insects in grapes and hops using controlled-release dispensers of methyl salicylate (MeSA), a component of herbivore-induced volatile blends, is presented. In a replicated experiment conducted in a juice grape vineyard, sticky cards in blocks baited with MeSA captured significantly greater numbers of five species of predatory insects (Chrysopa nigricornis, Hemerobius sp., Deraeocoris brevis, Stethorus punctum picipes, Orius tristicolor) than unbaited blocks. Four insect families (Syrphidae, Braconidae, Empididae, Sarcophagidae) were also significantly more abundant in the MeSA-baited blocks, as indicated by sticky card captures. Canopy shake samples and sticky card monitoring conducted in a MeSA-baited, unsprayed hop yard indicated development and maintenance of a beneficial arthropod population that was nearly four times greater than that present in an unbaited reference yard. Four times as many S. punctum picipes and six times as many O. tristicolor were sampled in the MeSA yard. Similar contrasts in abundance of these predators and others were apparent when compared with levels recorded in the yard in previous years. The large population of predatory insects in the MeSA-baited hop yard was associated with a dramatic reduction in spider mite numbers, the major arthropod pest of hops, in late June, and subeconomic populations were maintained for the rest of the season. The evidence presented here is highly suggestive that the use of controlled-release MeSA in a crop could increase recruitment and residency of populations of certain beneficial insects. This strategy may have the potential to enhance the efficacy and reliability of conservation biological control in crop pest management.     

Cryobank of plant genetic resources in Russian Academy of Sciences

Cryopreservation is the most reliable method for long-term storage of plant genetic resources. A review of cell injury by ice crystals and dehydration during a freeze–thaw cycle is given. For successful regeneration of plants and cultures after cryopreservation of their cells, the development of reliable cryopreservation procedure is required including preliminary cultivation, treatment by cryoprotectors, freezing by different methods, thawing and recultivation. Up to now 27 cell lines successfully resumed their growth after storage in liquid nitrogen and preserved their specific features and biosynthetic potential. Besides, shoot tips of 40 cultivars of potato, rose, strawberry and raspberry regenerated plants both in vitro and in vivo after cryopreservation. The longest storage duration was 25 years. Now in liquid nitrogen we continuously store 24 cell strains of rare medicinal plants, shoot tips of seven cultivars of strawberry and raspberry and seeds of 250 endangered plant species collected over all Russian territory.     

建筑节能与墙体保温

我国建筑节能的核心就是对建筑物围护结构和采暖系统进行革新,其中墙体保温施工技术在建筑节能中发挥着越来越重要的作用。当今社会,发达国家都空前地重视节能问题,我国目前的单位建筑面积采暖用能耗相当于气候条件相近的发达国家的3倍~4倍,中国是一个能源比较贫瘠的国家,因此合理利用能源,提高能源利用率是我国社会发展的根本大计,而建筑物外墙围护结构节能技术的改进,保温材料的更新对社会及建筑能耗的降低具有极其重大的意义。目前我国建筑围护结构节能技术应用最多的有三种形式:一、外墙外保温;二、外墙内保温;三、夹心保温。通过优缺点列项进行对比分析后可发现,外墙外保温作法的优点最为显著,应成为我国墙体保温的主要形式以及节能建筑保温墙体的发展方向。介绍了增强粉刷石膏聚苯板、保温混凝土夹心墙、聚合物水泥聚苯板、胶粉聚苯颗粒保温浆料、硬泡聚氨酯、玻璃棉毡、大模板内置聚苯板有网和无网体系,钢框架墙体系等一系列国内外墙体保温材料和施工技术。鉴于目前外墙外保温表面粘贴面砖作法存在一定问题,使用中经常会产生脱落现象,造成安全隐患,还介绍了作者曾在实践中运用的两种施工方法——镀锌钢丝网固定抹灰贴砖法和胀栓固定加网布贴砖法,对其普遍性质量问题的处理方法特别是镀锌钢丝网和网布的安装方法及螺栓和胀栓的固定方法分别进行了详细阐述。     

高压变频技术在引风机上的应用

本文针对50MW机组引风机系统的运行工况，提出了完整的高压变频方案。在引风机中采用高压变频调速技术后，取得了明显的节能效果。     

Analysis on the Logarithmic Model of Relationships

The logarithmic model is often used to describe the relationships between factors.It often gives good statistical characteristics.Yet,in the process of modeling of soil and water conservation,we find out that this“good”model cannot guarantee good result.In this paper we make an inquiry into the intrinsic reasons.It is shown that the logarithmic model has the property of enlarging or reducing model errors,and the disadvantages of the logarithmic model are analyzed.     

Pilot Study for the Performance of a New Demand Control Ventilation System in Hong Kong

There are different ventilation control methods for outdoor air quantity in air-conditioned spaces to reduce the energy consumed in cooling the outdoor air. Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) is an important strategy to control the outdoor air quantity. However, the current practice in DCV systems creates several problems for air-conditioned office buildings. Although metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is mainly used as a surrogate indicator for ventilation adequacy, the conventional DCV system does not seriously consider the placement location of the CO2 sensor, and it does not take into account the adverse effects of the consequential increase in pollutant concentrations in the indoor space when the fresh airflow rate is reduced. In this study, a long period of subjective and objective measurements were conducted in an occupied office to examine its suitability for conversion to a new demand controlled ventilation system (nDCV). After the feasibility investigation, an nDCV system was developed to optimize the energy consumed for outdoor air ventilation while providing the desirable thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The true optimization of this nDCV is achieved by a new concept of the optimized indoor air quality window which determines the most representative locations for the indicator sensors. A minimum ventilation rate is determined by a calibration procedure for the pollutant inventory of a building, taking into account the infiltration characteristics. Radon gas, which is a notorious carcinogenic indoor pollutant, is used as a reference to determine the minimum fresh airflow rate. The findings show that this nDCV system reduced 16% of fresh air cooling energy consumption without jeopardizing the thermal comfort and indoor air quality.     

喷射技术在冶金行业节能中的应用

以喷射技术为基础的蒸汽节能设备和煤气混合设备,在冶金行业节能中具有很大应用潜力,是一类新型节能技术。它主要应用在蒸汽升压、闪蒸汽及凝结水回收、蒸汽喷射节能降压等蒸汽及余热利用领域,以及不同种类和压力的煤气混合工艺。其应用将使企业获得丰厚的节能效益。     

Recent Progress on Non‐oriented Silicon Steel

Control of crystalline orientation and consequent enhancement of magnetic properties are important for decreasing core loss of non‐oriented silicon steel as well as grain‐oriented silicon steel. Through the development of special process techniques to produce clean refined steel, it is now possible to use any element to improve the crystalline texture control of steel without producing harmful effects. Utilization of these effects have actually lowered the core loss and raised the magnetic flux density of the products, and a product series of high‐efficiency non‐oriented silicon steel has been developed. Recently, demand has grown for non‐oriented silicon steel with particular properties, such as lower core loss at high frequencies or high strength, as high‐speed motors have progressed in regard to high efficiency and miniaturization. In response to this trend, non‐oriented thin gauge silicon steel with a thickness of 0.20 and 0.15mm and high strength non‐oriented thin gauge silicon steel with the same thickness but a yield strength of more than 570MPa and 780MPa have been developed.