复配表面活性剂-模拟油-水体系的界面张力研究

在45℃下测定了不同类型表面活性剂(阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂以及高分子双子表面活性剂、非对称两性双子表面活性剂)与煤油-水体系的界面张力,发现非离子表面活性剂效果最好,界面张力可达0.690 m N/m。采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与其他类型的表面活性剂进行两两复配,考察复配表面活性剂的种类、质量比、总质量浓度对模拟油-水体系界面张力的影响。发现聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与非对称两性双子表面活性剂C15EC-S-C16以质量比7∶3进行复配,总质量浓度为50 g/L时,界面张力达到0.024 m N/m。     

大豆/PTT微胶囊分散染料/活性染料一浴一步法染色

探讨了纯碱和氯化钠用量、染料浓度对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN/活性染料(活性蓝KN-R、活性深蓝B-2GLN和活性蓝K-3RL)一浴法染色大豆/PTT混纺织物表观色深K/S值的影响,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响.结果表明:当染料总用量为2％(o.w.f.),纯碱用量1g/L,氯化钠用量20 g/L,95℃条件下保温30分钟时,可使大豆/PTT混纺织物获得较高的表观色深.     

添加惰性物配煤炼焦的研究进展

添加惰性物质配煤炼焦是降低配煤炼焦成本以及扩大炼焦煤资源的有效途径。概述了在成焦过程中,惰性物与配合煤中活性组分相互作用的结焦机理,总结了添加焦粉和无烟煤炼焦的研究及应用现状,提出了配合煤中添加惰性物最为关键的是配入量和粒度。展望了添加惰性物配煤炼焦在焦化行业的应用前景。     

黄陵2~#弱黏结气煤配煤炼焦试验及应用

分析了黄陵2#弱黏结气煤的性质,介绍了采用黄陵2#弱黏结气煤的20 kg小焦炉配煤炼焦试验,并将试验结果应用到工业生产中。结果表明,采用黄陵2#弱黏结气煤配煤炼焦,在合理调整配比的情况下,能够生产出优于二级标准的冶金焦炭,降低生产成本。     

涤棉卡其耐久阻燃整理研究

本文介绍了涤棉混纺织物阻燃特点及国外发展概况,进一步探讨了用 Br—Sb 复合阻燃体系对65/35涤棉卡其进行耐久阻燃整理,得到了手感良好,阻燃性能优良的耐久阻燃整理织物。     

Modified poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blended membranes for isopropanol dehydration via pervaporation: Synthesis optimization and modeling by response surface methodology

Box–Behnken (BB) design of response surface methodology (RSM) was effectively applied to optimize fabrication conditions of modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) blended pervaporation (PV) membranes. The PVA/CS membranes were crosslinked either by chemical reaction with glutaraldehyde (GA) or by heat‐treating at different temperatures. The main objectives were to determine the optimal levels of fabricating parameters and also to investigate interactions among the variables. CS content in the blended membranes, concentration of crosslinking agent and heat‐treating temperature were the fabrication parameters, the main effects and interaction effects of which on membrane structure and PV performance toward isopropanol (IPA)/water dehydration were investigated, and for which regression models were established. The modified PVA/CS blended membranes were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as X‐ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the CS content is the most significant factor influencing flux and separation factor among the three studied variables and the experimental results are in excellent accordance with predicted values from the developed RSM regression models. The RSM results indicated that under preparation conditions of 80 wt % CS in the blended membrane, 0.58 wt % GA concentration, and 77 °C heat‐treating temperature, the maximum separation factor of 5222.8 and the normalized flux of 9.407 kg µm/m²h can be acquired with feed content of 85 wt % IPA at 25 °C, showing that the prepared membrane is highly efficient for PV dehydration of IPA. The models were satisfactorily validated against experimental data. Furthermore, the optimum membrane presents excellent separation performance at different feed compositions and temperatures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44587.     

Durability properties of concrete with blended cements

The study of chloride‐induced corrosion started more than three decades ago, after extensive cases of damage were observed on reinforced concrete structures in coastal regions and on infrastructural objects exposed to salt action. Nowadays, the basis for sustainable concrete industry lies in these three aspects: reducing CO₂ emissions by using by‐products of other industries (slag, fly ash, silica fume) for cement production, conservation of natural resources by replacing part of the aggregate with recycled construction waste, as well as use of recycled water in concrete production, and finally, construction of durable concrete structures. Durability design procedures for reinforced concrete structures in aggressive environments are still to a large extent empirical, especially in the case of using blended cements. The type of cement has a considerable effect on the properties of concrete, especially concrete resistance to the penetration of chloride ions. The paper presents results of testing durability and deformational properties of concrete produced with quaternary‐blended cement. A clearer insight into these properties is a necessary starting point for the performance‐based design of concrete prepared with blended cements, leading to more durable and corrosion‐free concrete structures in aggressive environments.     

矿渣粉煤灰的优势互补效应

研究了质量分数为 5 0 %总掺量的矿渣粉煤灰复合水泥的性能 ,发现矿渣、粉渣灰以适当的比例掺入时 ,可以产生优势互补效应 ,并分析了产生优势互补效应的原因     

氧氟沙星-壳聚糖-明胶共混膜的制备及表征

制备了壳聚糖 明胶共混膜 ,测定了壳聚糖 明胶共混膜的抗张强度 ,并以抗张强度最大的壳聚糖 明胶共混膜为载体 ,氧氟沙星为模型药物制得具有抗菌性能的氧氟沙星 -壳聚糖 -明胶共混膜。通过红外光谱 (FT -IR) ,X射线衍射 (X ray) ,扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)表征了共混膜的特性。结果表明 :明胶质量分数为 2 5 %时 ,壳聚糖 明胶共混膜的抗张强度最大 ,达 5 5MPa。壳聚糖、明胶、氧氟沙星三者在共混膜中有很好的相容性 ,并且形成了分子间氢键     

混煤燃烧过程中矿物质的形态变化及相变

引　言炉内受热面结渣被认为是电站锅炉中最难以处理的一个问题 ,特别在我国长时间内煤粉锅炉作为主要的能源供应手段 .近年来 ,国内有许多电站采用混煤燃烧的方法以适应不同的要求 ,如减少结渣和ＳＯｘ 的排放 .然而 ,实际上如果混煤中设计使用的煤和实际使用的煤特性不一样 ,混煤燃烧可能会导致严重的结渣 .对单一煤种燃烧过程中的矿物质行为已经有了广泛研究[1～ 4 ] ,但对混煤很少有研究[5,6] .本文主要研究混煤燃烧后矿物质行为特性的变化 ,并用ＸＲＤ分析矿物质形态随温度的变化 ,从矿物学的观点来解释混合煤灰熔融特性 ,以揭示混煤结…