KH-550对纤维素纳米晶替代炭黑补强天然橡胶的影响

本文采用酸水解工业微晶纤维素(MCC)制备纤维素纳米晶(NCC),将其与天然胶乳共凝沉,混炼时加入炭黑(CB),制备了天然橡胶(NR)/NCC/CB复合材料,研究了偶联剂KH-550对NR/NCC/CB(100/10/35)性能的影响,结果表明,KH-550用量为1-2phr时,NR/NCC/CB的硫化性能、混炼胶的加工性能、硫化胶的交联密度、抗屈挠龟裂性能、动态压缩疲劳生热、永久变形和耐磨耗性能明显改善。     

常春油麻藤纤维素与半纤维素级分的热裂解动力学

研究了碱性过氧化氢法多级分离脱脂常春油麻藤纤维原料得到的四级纤维素和四级半纤维素的热裂解动力学特征.热重分析确定了四级纤维素和四级半纤维素的起始热分解温度、最大热分解温度和最终热分解温度.差示扫描量热分析表明,在-50～550℃范围内,四级纤维素和四级半纤维素的热分解依次经历冰晶融化、水分蒸发、熔融、高温热裂解和焦炭分...     

新型再生纤维素纤维的现状及发展趋势

综述了天丝、莫代尔纤维、竹浆纤维、圣麻纤维、丽赛纤维等几种新型再生纤维素纤维的发展现状,简述了我国再生纤维素纤维的发展趋势。     

绿色木霉产纤维素酶的研究进展

本文对绿色木霉产纤维素酶发酵条件的研究现状、分离纯化及生产应用做了简要的叙述。     

海藻酸钠与羧甲基纤维素钠固定化高温碱性脂肪酶

以海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠为复合载体,研究包埋法固定化毕赤酵母高温碱性脂肪酶。通过单因素试验考察了不同载体、载体浓度、酶与载体配比等因子对脂肪酶固定化的影响,并采用正交试验对脂肪酶固定化条件进行了优化。结果表明,包埋法固定化脂肪酶的最优条件为海藻酸钠含量1.0%、羧甲基纤维素钠含量0.25%、加酶量50 U/(g载体)、CaCl2浓度0.4 mol/L,固定化时间40 min。在最优固定化条件下,固定化脂肪酶酶活收率达99.50%。     

细菌纤维素膜对木醋杆菌发酵生产广式米醋的影响

以分离自广式米醋生产车间的木醋杆菌RF4(Gluconacetobacter xylinus)为菌种进行表面发酵。研究了发酵过程中细菌纤维素膜对总酸度的影响,纤维素膜内与发酵液中乙醇脱氢酶活性差异,讨论了3种不同接种培养方式对总酸度、黏度及浑浊度的影响。结果表明,纤维素膜完整性对发酵总酸度有重要影响,纤维素膜内乙醇脱氢酶活性是发酵液中的8倍,达2.26×10-2U/g。含木醋杆菌纤维素膜接种并中途取出的接种培养方式总酸度最高,发酵12天后可达4.86 g/100 mL,且黏度及浑浊度都较低。     

胺基螯合蔗渣纤维素对模拟废水中Cu2+的吸附

从pH值、温度、时间及Cu2+初始质量浓度几个方面研究了自制胺基螯合蔗渣纤维素对模拟的重金属废水中Cu2+吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明,随着pH值、Cu2初始质量浓度增大,蔗渣纤维素上Cu2+吸附量增大.当吸附25 min后,胺基螯合蔗渣纤维素对Cu2+的吸附基本达到饱和.对Cu2+吸附动力学进行了研究,证明胺基螯合蔗渣纤维素对Cu2+的吸附结果符合Lagrange二级动力学模型.绘制胺基螯合蔗渣纤维素的吸附等温线,利用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程对实验数据进行拟合,证明胺基螯合蔗渣纤维素对Cu2+的吸附较符合Langmuir吸附等温线.     

Biodegradation of Chemically Modified Jute Fibers

Degradation of lignocellulosic fibers such as untreated jute fibers and those treated with an alkaline solution of neem oil and phenolic resin are studied by monitoring enzyme activities during burial of fibers within a compost of organic soil and animal refuse. Results indicate that biodegradation of fibers is dominated initially by enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose and amorphous cellulose and subsequently by crystalline cellulose degradation. For neem oil and phenolic resin treated fibers, the degradation of hemicelluloses and cellulose were found to proceed at a remarkably slower rate compared to untreated fibers due to relative nonavailability of degradable matter.     

Characterization and Comparison of Cellulose Extraction from Ginger Stalk by Two Different Chemical Treatments

Agricultural residues are important renewable biomass resources that have not received much research attention. Ginger stalk is a major agricultural waste in China.The extraction of cellulose from ginger stalk would convert this waste into a high value-added product and, simultaneously, contribute to environmental protection. This research studied the characteristics of cellulose extracted from ginger stalk by two different treatments:(i) potassium hydroxide(KOH) treatment and(ii) nitric acid-ethanol(NAE) treatment. The optimal condition for the KOH treatment was obtained, it was at 1∶30 solidto-liquid ratio(SLR) for 5 h extraction time with 14 wt% KOH. The optimal condition for the NAE treatment was as follows: 1∶40 SLR, 4 h extraction time, and a reaction temperature of 90℃. However, the cellulose obtained by NAE treatment was severely degraded than that by KOH treatment. The Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy analyses revealed that both treatments successfully dissolved the lignin and hemicellulose. Two treatments showed a higher cellulose yield, and the extracted cellulose had more crystal structure.     

Cellulose nanoparticles synthesised from potato peel for the development of active packaging film for enhancement of shelf life of raw prawns (Penaeus monodon) during frozen storage

In this study, the cellulose nanoparticles (CNP) isolated from potato peel were used for reinforcement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based active packaging film. The above film was used to pack the raw prawns (Penaeus monodon) at −20 °C, and the colour change, protein content, TVB-N, TMA and microbial analysis were done at regular interval for prawns stored in CNP-PVA active packaging film. A significant difference was observed in the quality of prawns stored in potato CNP-PVA film compared with prawns packed and stored in polyethylene film. The newly designed active packaging with CNP and fennel seed oil enhanced the shelf life of prawns up to two months for both HOSO (head on shell on) prawn and PD (peeled and deveined) prawn. Hence, the study recommends the potato peel CNP-PVA film with fennel seed oil as better choice to extend the shelf life of the prawns during storage compared with polyethylene packaging.