Thermal calculations on the ignition of a cotton bale by accidental contact with a hot particle

Previously presented ignition data for raw cotton are used in order to make predictions of hazards from hot particle entry into a previously thermally quiescent cotton bale. The calculations make use of a numerical approach to ignition by a heat source.     

Effects of Various Viscosity Enhancers and pH on Separating Haem from Porcine Red Blood Cells

Haem derived from animal blood is a valuable source of organic iron which may be used as a supplement in foods. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), propylene glycol alginate (PGA) and sodium alginate (SA) as viscosity enhancers on the separation of haem from porcine red blood cells, and on the distribution of iron between the haem and non-haem fractions of the extracts. Iron determinations were carried out spectrophotometrically on the supernatants obtained by centrifuging the cell suspensions and on two successive washings of the cells. In the first washings the total extracted iron content using NaCMC was highest when a high-viscosity grade was used; there were no significant differences (P>0·05) between the results obtained with this material and those obtained using PGA or SA. There were also no significant differences (P>0·05) among the three treatments in terms of non-haem content. The absorbances at 540nm of the first washings were lower when the washing was carried out at pH 1·4 rather than at pH 1·0 or 2·0. There were no significant differences associated with changes in the viscosity enhancer in the absorbances of the second washings, but the absorbances at pH 1·4 were generally higher than those at pH 1·0 or 2·0. Enhancement of the absorbances on the addition of 1,10-o-phenanthroline indicated that the extracted iron was present in the ferrous form.     

菠萝果肉纤维素水凝胶的制备及对益生菌的包埋与缓释分析

以菠萝果肉纤维素(pineapple pulp cellulose,PPC)为原料,利用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazole chloride,BmimCl)作溶剂,溶解PPC制备菠萝果肉纤维素水凝胶(pineapple pulp cellulose hydrogel,...     

Effect of processing conditions on wood and glass fiber length attrition during twin screw composite compounding

In this study, we compare the effect of twin-screw extrusion processing on the attrition of wood fibers (WFs) with glass fiber. The effects of process variables and screw design on fiber length were investigated by performing a range of dead-stop experiments where the extruder was stopped, opened-up, and compound removed from the screw elements. Fibers, chemically extracted from the polypropylene matrix, were analyzed for length and width using a commercial fiber analyzer. It was found that WF length attrition and composite properties were less affected by screw design and twin-screw processing conditions (feed rate and screw speed) than glass fiber. Length weighted fiber length and X50 length (a measure used in particle size analysis) were equally correlated with process conditions and composite performance for both fiber types. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48551.     

纤维素直接转化为乙酰丙酸的反应过程研究进展

综述了近年来纤维素在不同催化体系中制备乙酰丙酸的国内外研究进展,重点阐述了离子液体体系催化纤维素制备乙酰丙酸。分析指出了目前催化体系下生物质资源直接制备乙酰丙酸很难实现大规模工业化的原因,并对未来纤维素制备乙酰丙酸的研究重点进行了探讨和展望。     

纤维素纳米晶体在Pickering乳液中的应用

纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）凭借其抗张强度高、热稳定性好、机械性能优越、密度低、表面多羟基结构可进一步修饰、易于功能改性等优点在稳定Pickering乳液中具有显著优势。本文首先简要概述了Pickering乳液及CNC,进而重点介绍CNC稳定的Pickering(CNC-Pickering)乳液在食品工程、生物医药、胶合材料、微胶囊材料以及界面催化等领域的应用。最后,展望了CNC-Pickering乳液未来的研究方向,以期为其进一步的应用提供参考。     

纳米微晶纤维素的表面基团及其改性

纳米微晶纤维素(Nanocrystalline Cellulose,NCC)是一种纤维素经酸水解后获得的棒状晶体,由于其原料丰富、可再生、生物兼容性好以及机械性能优良等特点,已成为纳米材料研究领域的热点。本文为探索其进一步改性应用,重点分析了NCC表面存在的基团种类,对其化学改性方法进行了概括,并对其进一步发展应用进行了展望。     

预处理过程产生的抑制剂对纤维素酶酶解效率的影响

在木质纤维产乙醇研究中,原料在稀磷酸浸渍+蒸汽爆破预处理过程中容易产生糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛、对苯二酚和间苯二酚等抑制剂,这些抑制剂会影响纤维素酶酶解效率,导致还原糖浓度下降从而影响乙醇生产。通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了纤维素酶酶解的最优条件为:酶解温度50℃、酶液载入量30 U/mL、酶解固液比1∶11、酶解pH值4. 8;选取预处理过程中产生的上述4种抑制剂,测定其浓度分别为:糠醛0. 031 g/L、5-羟甲基糠醛0. 029 g/L、对苯二酚1. 51 g/L、间苯二酚1. 242 g/L,探讨上述抑制剂单独或复配后对纤维素酶酶解效率的影响。结果表明,预处理过程中产生的酚类抑制剂高于醛类,在酶解过程中酚类抑制剂对酶解产生的影响高于醛类抑制剂;多种抑制剂的协同作用对酶解的影响高于单一种类抑制剂对酶解的影响;酶解液中抑制剂对酶解的影响强度按对苯二酚、间苯二酚、5-羟甲基糠醛、糠醛依次减弱。     

交联羧甲基纤维素番茄酱增稠剂的开发与应用效果研究

以交联羧甲基纤维素技术开发了适合番茄酱特性的增稠剂,并对其应用效果进行了研究。建立了羧甲基纤维素交联反应试验:先将羧甲基纤维素溶于乙醇溶液,再添加氢氧化钠后于35℃水浴加热,间歇添加10%环氧氯丙烷乙醇溶液,待反应终止。优化试验结果表明:交联反应使用20g联羧甲基纤维素-8时,氢氧化钠用量2g、环氧氯丙烷4mL、温度35℃、乙醇75%、反应时间8h条件下,制得的交联羧甲基纤维素增稠效果比较适合番茄酱。通过对瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、卡拉胶、番茄纤维、大豆纤维等几种常用番茄酱增稠剂的增稠效果(颜色、黏手性等)对比,说明本试验开发的交联羧甲基纤维素更适合番茄酱增稠,并保持了番茄酱原有的组织状态特征特征。     

纤维素金属螯合亲和膜的制备及其对牛血清白蛋白的吸附研究

以纤维素分析滤纸为载体、环氧氯丙烷(EPI)为交联活化剂、亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)为配基、铜离子为金属螯合离子,可制得Cu2 -IDA型固定化金属螯合膜。实验表明,滤纸先用4mol／L的NaOH浸润45min,再在75℃水浴中活化反应45min,所得亲和膜环氧基密度可达3.97μmol／cm2。最佳配基偶联反应条件为:25mgIDA／cm2膜、60℃、15h时可获得对Cu2 最大螯合量。牛血清白蛋白(BSA)等温吸附线基本符合Langmuir形式,经曲线拟合得最大吸附量为59.52mg/g干膜。