德国电力市场化改革的启示

欧盟统一的电力市场化改革指令发布后,德国经过几年的改革,其电力工业逐步形成输配电网垄断经营,发电侧与售电侧自由竞争的新格局.以德国第三大电力公司Vattenfall Europe公司为例,详细介绍了德国能源改革法令、电力市场化改革实施情况、以及电力监管关系,提出了对我国电力体制改革的启示和建议.     

基于我国国情和电网发展现状的输配电价格管制模型研究

基于对目前国际上广为采用的几种典型的输配电价格管制模型分析,结合我国国情和电网发展的现状,提出一种适合国情的、经过优化组合的新的输配电价格管制模型,模型既体现了对垄断的输配电企业的价格约束,对新投资者也有一定的投资激励;在价格管制的同时,通过引入质量系数对电力的质量进行了约束,并考虑了电力需求量的变化对电价的影响.基于适当的参数选择的该模型对我国电力改革过程中输配电价格管制模型的建立提供了一定的借鉴与参考.     

发电厂辅机各种常用调速系统的应用研究

介绍火电厂电动机调速方案中的内馈式调速、变频调速、液力偶合器调速原理、适用范围和它们的优缺点,在火力发电厂的应用实例.最后对不同方案性能和经济指标进行了分析和比较.     

蓄热、调温微胶囊相变材料的制备及其表征

以相变材料为芯材,以脲醛树脂为囊材,通过原位聚合法制备出具有蓄热、调温功能的微胶囊相变材料。采用DSC差热分析测定出微胶囊相变材料的相变温度和相变焓,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)等手段对这种材料进行了表征。     

空气源热泵蓄能热气除霜新系统与实验研究

针对空气源热泵在除霜时室内环境热舒适性恶化、机组除霜可靠性差等问题,基于能量的时空合理利用理论,将相变蓄能装置引入到热泵系统中,提出空气源热泵蓄能热气除霜新系统.把热泵平时高效运行时的余热转存到蓄热器内,使之作为热泵除霜工况下的低位热源,从根本上解决了热气除霜时能量来源不足的问题.介绍了空气源热泵蓄能热气除霜实验台,对传统热气除霜系统与蓄能热气除霜新系统的除霜特性进行了对比实验,实验结果充分表明了蓄能热气除霜新系统的优越性.     

Security by facility design for sabotage protection

Facility design of nuclear power plant (NPP) for a sabotage protection is investigated and an effect of the design change for damage control on reduction of sabotage risk is shown using the vital area identification methodology. In a sabotage incident, it is not straightforward to identify the most credible scenario for NPP. However, the loss of offsite power leading to the station blackout is assumed to be a typical example for further evaluation. In this study, the vulnerability of vital area is considered in terms of the accessibility, the distribution of vital equipment, and the adversary's interference. As seen in the past report, the built-in measures for damage control are important in case of the existence of adversary's interference until neutralization. It is confirmed that not only the physical protection system, but also the facility design on structures, systems, and components play an important role in the effective and efficient sabotage protection. To reduce any vulnerability in the design of NPP, it is very important to introduce a security by design approach in an initial stage of the NPP construction while considering the interface between safety and security.     

Combination Strategy of Genetic Dereplication and Manipulation of Epigenetic Regulators Reveals a Novel Compound from Plant Endophytic Fungus

The strategies of genetic dereplication and manipulation of epigenetic regulators to activate the cryptic gene clusters are effective to discover natural products with novel structure in filamentous fungi. In this study, a combination of genetic dereplication (deletion of pesthetic acid biosynthetic gene, PfptaA) and manipulation of epigenetic regulators (deletion of histone methyltransferase gene PfcclA and histone deacetylase gene PfhdaA) was developed in plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. The deletion of PfptaA with PfcclA and/or PfhdaA led to isolation of 1 novel compound, pestaloficiol X (1), as well as another 11 known compounds with obvious yield changes. The proposed biosynthesis pathway of pestaloficiol X was speculated using comparative analysis of homologous biosynthetic gene clusters. Moreover, phenotypic effects on the conidial development and response to oxidative stressors in the mutants were explored. Our results revealed that the new strain with deletion of PfcclA or PfhdaA in ΔPfptaA background host can neutralise the hyperformation of conidia in the PfptaA mutant, and that the ΔPfptaA ΔPfhdaA mutant was generally not sensitive to oxidative stressors as much as the ΔPfptaA ΔcclA mutant in comparison with the single mutant ΔPfptaA or the parental strains. This combinatorial approach can be applied to discover new natural products in filamentous fungi.     

Rickettsial Pathogen Perturbs Tick Circadian Gene to Infect the Vertebrate Host

Ixodes scapularis is a medically important tick that transmits several microbes to humans, including rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In nature, these ticks encounter several abiotic factors including changes in temperature, humidity, and light. Many organisms use endogenously generated circadian pathways to encounter abiotic factors. In this study, we provide evidence for the first time to show that A. phagocytophilum modulates the arthropod circadian gene for its transmission to the vertebrate host. We noted a circadian oscillation in the expression of arthropod clock, bmal1, period and timeless genes when ticks or tick cells were exposed to alternate 12 h light: 12 h dark conditions. Moreover, A. phagocytophilum significantly modulates the oscillation pattern of expression of these genes. In addition, increased levels of clock and bmal1 and decreased expression of Toll and JAK/STAT pathway immune genes such as pelle and jak, respectively, were noted during A. phagocytophilum transmission from ticks to the vertebrate host. RNAi-mediated knockdown of clock gene expression in ticks resulted in the reduced expression of jak and pelle that increased bacterial transmission from ticks to the murine host. Furthermore, clock-deficient ticks fed late and had less engorgement weights. These results indicate an important role for circadian modulation of tick gene expression that is critical for arthropod blood feeding and transmission of pathogens from vector to the vertebrate host.     

低温手术过程组织瞬态热应力有限元分析

通过有限元分析,给出使用同时具有冷冻和加热能力的两种新型冷刀进行低温手术过程中组织瞬态应力场,考察“低温手术-热疗结合型冷刀”与“Endocare型氩氦冷刀”两种新型冷刀的共性和差别,从热应力角度揭示冷刀的杀伤半径。充分考虑组织物性和内热源的非线性,使用基于有限容积法的大型商业有限元软件Ansys双向耦合求解经典生物传热方程与应力方程。结果表明：（1）组织内水的相变导致的体积膨胀是热应力引发的主要因素,而温度梯度则是产生热应力的次要因素;（2）两种冷刀在低温手术过程中均会导致相变区域内出现应力集中;（3）低温手术-热疗结合型冷刀由于可提供更大的冻结区域,使其经历高应力,从而具有更大杀伤半径;（4）低温手术过程中,组织会发生明显的热应变。