动态云雾形成及爆轰场特性

为获得动态云雾爆轰的超压场分布特征,采用空投方法实现动态云雾的形成和爆轰过程。利用高速运动分析系统和压力测试系统分别对动态云雾分散、爆轰过程和动态爆轰超压场进行测量,对动态云雾的燃料抛撒和超压场分布进行了研究,分析了轴向有加强杆装置结构和轴向无加强装置杆结构对动态云雾爆轰超压场的影响规律。结果表明:轴向无加强杆结构和轴向有加强杆结构的动态最大峰值超压分别为3.62 MPa和3.20 MPa,轴向无加强杆结构具有较大的毁伤距离;动态爆轰最大峰值超压较静态爆轰最大峰值超压提高31.2%,且动态爆轰毁伤距离大于静态爆轰。     

基于ALE方法的弹性圆柱壳入水时的流固耦合模拟

为了获得头型及材料弹性对圆柱壳入水过程中头部变形、压力分布、入水空泡形态及入水运动状态的影响,采用ALE方法,基于有限元软件ANSYS\LS-DYNA,对平头、120°锥角、90°锥角弹性圆柱壳的入水过程进行了数值模拟,对平头弹性圆柱实体和平头刚性圆柱壳进行计算,并对模拟结果进行对比。结果表明:入水过程中空泡直径随着锥角的增大而增大,锥角越大,圆柱壳上表面的变形越大,最大变形出现的时间越早:平头弹性圆柱壳在0.1 ms时出现最大变形0.84 mm,120°锥角弹性圆柱壳在0.3 ms时出现最大变形0.54 mm,90°锥角弹性圆柱壳在0.5 ms时出现最大变形0.43 mm; 下表面受到的压力越大,圆柱壳的速度衰减越快; 平头圆柱壳下表面的变形与振动频率大于上表面; 上表面的变形是由惯性引起的,下表面的变形是由流体冲击力引起的。     

铝合金薄壁圆柱壳切削稳定性研究

对于圆柱壳的加工,由工件材料的性能和结构特点,可知其相对刚度较低,加工工艺性差,易变形,在加工中易产生振动。再生型切削颤振是机床切削振动的主要原因。在现有文献的基础上研究了圆柱壳再生型切削颤振系统极限切削宽度随机床主轴转速变化的规律,并通过动态测试实验、模态实验和动态切削力实验,对切削系统的动力学参数进行识别,最终得到了圆柱壳切削系统稳定性极限图,并在传统稳定性的基础上提出严格稳定区的概念。     

超高温环境下航天器数据记录器防热结构设计

通过用ANSYS软件热仿真数据存储器在1100℃下工作半小时后壳体的温度分布情况,介绍了怎样设计数据记录器的壳体,可使存储器部分有效地回收。并通过有限元分析的直接法,列出了各种材料上所设节点的温度计算矩阵方程,用MATLAB计算出各节点温度结果,再与用ANSYS软件仿真出来的试验结果进行比较,确定试验结果的正确性一一即壳体结构在超高温下工作的可行性。     

Ultra-Damping Composites Enhanced by Yolk–Shell Piezoelectric Damping Mechanism

High-performance damping materials are significant toward reducing vibration and maintaining stability for industrial applications. Herein, a yolk–shell piezoelectric damping mechanism is reported, which can enhance mechanical energy dissipation and improve damping capability. With the addition of yolk–shell particles and carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive network, damping properties of various resin matrices are enhanced with the energy dissipation path of mechanical to electrical to heat energy. Particularly, the peak loss factor of epoxy composites reaches 1.91 and tan δ area increases by 25.72% at 20 °C. The results prove the general applicability of yolk–shell piezoelectric damping mechanism. Besides, the novel damping materials also exhibit excellent flexibility, stretchability, and resilience, offering a promising application toward damping coating, indicating broad scope of application in transportation and sophisticated electronics, etc.     

Tailoring the Optical Properties of Epitaxially Grown Biaxial ZnO/Ge,and Coaxial ZnO/Ge/ZnO and Ge/ZnO/Ge Heterostructures

Heterostructures of epitaxially grown biaxial ZnO/Ge, and coaxial ZnO/Ge/ZnO and Ge/ZnO/Ge heterostructured nanowires with ideal epitaxial interfaces between the semiconductor ZnO sublayer and the Ge sublayer have been fabricated via a two‐stage chemical vapor–solid process. Structural characterization by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction indicates that both the ZnO and Ge sublayers in the heterostructures are single crystalline. A good epitaxial relationship of (100)_ZnO∥(2 0)_Ge exists at the interface between ZnO and Ge in the ZnO/Ge biaxial heterostructure. There is also an epitaxial relationship of (0 0)_ZnO∥(020)_Ge at the interface between the ZnO and Ge substructures in the coaxial ZnO/Ge/ZnO heterostructures, and a good epitaxial relationship of (0 0)_ZnO∥(0 0)_Ge at the interface between ZnO and Ge in the Ge/ZnO/Ge coaxial heterostructure. Structural models for the crystallographic relationship between the wurtzite‐ZnO and diamond‐like cubic‐Ge subcomponents in the heterostructures are given. The optical properties for the synthesized heterostructures are studied by spatially resolved cathodoluminescence spectra at low temperature (20 K). Excitingly, the unique biaxial and coaxial heterostructures display unique new luminescence properties. It is concluded that the ideal epitaxial interface between ZnO and Ge in the prepared heterostructures induces new optical properties. The group II–VI Ge‐based nanometer‐scale heterostructures and their interesting optical properties may inspire great interest in exploring related epitaxial heterostructures and their potential applications in lasers, gas sensors, solar energy conversion, and nanodevices in the future.     

Efficient Infrared Solar Cells Employing Quantum Dot Solids with Strong Inter-Dot Coupling and Efficient Passivation

Lead chalcogenide quantum dot (QD) infrared (IR) solar cells are promising devices for breaking through the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells by harvesting the low-energy IR photons that cannot be utilized by common devices. However, the device performance of QD IR photovoltaic is limited by the restrictive relation between open-circuit voltages (V_OC) and short circuit current densities (J_SC), caused by the contradiction between surface passivation and electronic coupling of QD solids. Here, a strategy is developed to decouple this restriction via epitaxially coating a thin PbS shell over the PbSe QDs (PbSe/PbS QDs) combined with in situ halide passivation. The strong electronic coupling from the PbSe core gives rise to significant carrier delocalization, which guarantees effective carrier transport. Benefited from the protection of PbS shell and in situ halide passivation, excellent trap-state control of QDs is eventually achieved after the ligand exchange. By a fine control of the PbS shell thickness, outstanding IR J_SC of 6.38 mA cm⁻² and IR V_OC of 0.347 V are simultaneously achieved under the 1100 nm-filtered solar illumination, providing a new route to unfreeze the trade-off between V_OC and J_SC limited by the photoactive layer with a given bandgap.     

Non‐Toxic Dry‐Coated Nanosilver for Plasmonic Biosensors

The plasmonic properties of noble metals facilitate their use for in vivo bio‐applications such as targeted drug delivery and cancer cell therapy. Nanosilver is best suited for such applications as it has the lowest plasmonic losses among all such materials in the UV‐visible spectrum. Its toxicity, however, can destroy surrounding healthy tissues and thus, hinders its safe use. Here, that toxicity against a model biological system (Escherichia coli) is “cured” or blocked by coating nanosilver hermetically with a about 2 nm thin SiO₂ layer in one‐step by a scalable flame aerosol method followed by swirl injection of a silica precursor vapor (hexamethyldisiloxane) without reducing the plasmonic performance of the enclosed or encapsulated silver nanoparticles (20–40 nm in diameter as determined by X‐ray diffraction and microscopy). This creates the opportunity to safely use powerful nanosilver for intracellular bio‐applications. The label‐free biosensing and surface bio‐functionalization of these ready‐to‐use, non‐toxic (benign) Ag nanoparticles is presented by measuring the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a model sensing experiment. Furthermore, the silica coating around nanosilver prevents its agglomeration or flocculation (as determined by thermal annealing, optical absorption spectroscopy and microscopy) and thus, enhances its biosensitivity, including bioimaging as determined by dark field illumination.     

In situ Characterization of SiO2 Nanoparticle Biointeractions Using BrightSilica

By adding a gold core to silica nanoparticles (BrightSilica), silica‐like nanoparticles are generated that, unlike unmodified silica nanoparticles, provide three types of complementary information to investigate the silica nano‐biointeraction inside eukaryotic cells in situ. Firstly, organic molecules in proximity of and penetrating into the silica shell in live cells are monitored by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The SERS data show interaction of the hybrid silica particles with tyrosine, cysteine and phenylalanine side chains of adsorbed proteins. Composition of the biomolecular corona of BrightSilica nanoparticles differs in fibroblast and macrophage cells. Secondly, quantification of the BrightSilica nanoparticles using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) micromapping indicates a different interaction of silica nanoparticles compared to gold nanoparticles under the same experimental conditions. Thirdly, the metal cores allow the investigation of particle distribution and interaction in the cellular ultrastructure by cryo nanoscale X‐ray tomography (cryo‐XT). In 3D reconstructions the assumption is confirmed that BrightSilica nanoparticles enter cells by an endocytotic mechanism. The high SERS intensities are explained by the beneficial plasmonic properties due to agglomeration of BrightSilica. The results have implications for the development of multi‐modal qualitative and quantitative characterization in comparative nanotoxicology and bionanotechnology.