粉煤灰悬浮胶体的悬浮稳定性实验研究

针对煤矿生产中粉煤灰防(灭)火材料管路输送的管路阻塞问题,选择SC1,SC2,SC3,SC4,SC5,SC6,SC7和SC8共8种悬浮剂,配制成4种质量分数分别为0.5%,1.0%,1.5%和2.0%的粉煤灰悬浮胶体,采用沉降分析方法,研究其悬浮稳定性。结果表明:各粉煤灰悬浮胶体沉降速率出现类似"L型"变化,沉降到一定时间均达到平衡状态;悬浮剂可以减小粉煤灰悬浮体沉降速率变化,质量分数越低,初始沉降速率越大,质量分数越高,沉降速率变化越小;同时也可增大粉煤灰悬浮率,增加悬浮胶体的稳定性。     

Effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash cementitious system

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash can be used as supplementary cementitious material for concrete production for its high pozzolanic activity. We investigated the effect of curing conditions on the hydration and performance of CFBC ash-Portland cement system （30： 70, by mass） including hydration products, paste microstructure, linear expansion ratio, chemically combined water content and compressive strength. The results show that tobermorite rather than ettringite is generated under the condition of autoclaved curing. The expansion and mortar strength of the system cured in water is higher than those cured in air at a given age, and the strength and bulk volume may retract under the condition of air curing. In addition, autoclaved curing facilitates the increase of strength gain at early curing ages （the increase rate lowers down in the following ages） and the improvement of system volume stability. It is suggested that sufficient water is necessary for the curing of CFBC ash cementitious system, and autoclaved curing may be considered where volume stability is a primary concern.     

滚筒冷渣机内传热过程研究

采用一维方法计算了滚筒冷渣机的传热过程,获得了相关参数的温度分布和传热分布.探讨了滚筒冷渣机强化传热方法和技术措施及必须处理好的技术矛盾。     

基于拟三元等温图对宁东粉煤灰高温熔融流动特性的研究

在气流床气化炉的实际运行中,经常需要寻求最优的进料煤调配方案以调控煤灰的熔融流动特性。借助SiO₂-Al₂O₃-AAEM(CaO+MgO+Na₂O+K₂O)拟三元等温图,分析了不同组成的宁东煤灰熔融特性,并结合X-射线衍射(XRD)探究了灰在熔化过程中的矿物质转化规律。发现熔融温度在拟三元等温图中呈现U型分布。当SiO₂、Al₂O₃和AAEM质量分数分别为37.5%、25.0%和37.5%时,灰的熔融温度达到最低,流动温度比宁东煤灰降低40 ℃。对灰熔化过程中矿物质转化分析发现,熔化过程中石英与氧化钙会发生矿物质转化反应生成低熔点的钙黄长石和长石,对其熔化具有明显的促进作用;对灰熔化后形成液态熔渣的黏-温特性曲线分析发现,该比例下灰样品同时具有最低的临界黏性温度(T_CV=1107 ℃)和最低的黏性流动活化能(E_a=282.86 kJ/mol),可有效降低气化炉的操作温度。研究表明,拟三元等温图对于气化原料配煤方案可起到一定的指导作用。     

粉煤灰制备吸附剂捕集CO2的研究

利用粉煤灰为原料,制备2大类可用于烟气中CO₂捕集的吸附剂。一类是沸石分子筛类吸附剂,利用水热合成法得到A型、X型等沸石分子筛吸附剂。一类是利用粉煤灰制备出适合的多孔载体,使用浸渍法得到固态胺类吸附剂。沸石分子筛对于CO₂主要是物理吸附,吸附容量169~223 mg/g,固态胺吸附剂是利用胺基与CO₂结合介于物理与化学吸附之间,吸附容量108~189 mg/g。实现将粉煤灰以废治废,即可以缓解粉煤灰对环境的影响,也能够实现碳减排,对社会和经济协调发展有利。     

石英砂岩骨料碱活性抑制试验研究

在某水电工程对混凝土骨料料源的选择阶段,初步选定的1#料场石英砂岩骨料被鉴定为具有潜在危害性的碱-硅酸反应(ASR)活性的可疑骨料。通过抑制骨料碱活性效能试验表明,采用低碱水泥取代高碱水泥,或掺一定比例掺合料于高碱水泥中,对骨料的ASR反应都有一定的抑制效果[1],并对几种方法的抑制效果进行了对比分析。研究成果可为其他类似工程提供参考。     

The Study of Otsu Algorithm Applied in the Measuring of Ash Proportion

To further improve the boiler ash ratio detection methods and resource utilization, through image processing technology for boiler ash ratio analysis, the article first studied the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, and then for the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, then it puts forward a two-dimensional Otsu algorithm. Finally the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm combined with the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm and the improved Otsu algorithm. By analyzing the improved Otsu algorithm, this paper considers the pixel gray value, neighborhood information, excluding light, noise and the relative efficiency of one-dimensional Otsu algorithm higher accuracy. The relative dimensional Otsu algorithm operating efficiency has been greatly improved. Improved Otsu algorithm in dealing with boiler ash ratio detection has played a very good part in the ecological environment, economic development and some other important aspects.     

基于DCS的循环流化床锅炉床温模糊控制技术

循环流化床锅炉是一个具有分布参数、非线性、时变、大滞后、多变量紧密耦合的多输入多输出的变参数系统,常规控制方法难以取得理想的控制效果。该文根据循环流化床锅炉运行特性,提出基于DCS实现的循环流化床锅炉床温模糊控制技术,实践表明控制效果理想,具有良好的应用前景。     

循环流化床锅炉膜式水冷壁的热应力分析

为研究循环流化床锅炉膜式水冷壁的热应力问题,通过数值模拟的方法对顶棚拐点处水冷壁的温度、变形量和热应力进行分析。研究表明:向火侧到背火侧水冷壁的温度梯度变化较大,水冷壁的变形量极不均匀,在水冷壁管与鳍片接触处出现应力的集中。水冷壁减薄后,最大热应力先减小再增大,在减薄厚度为1.5 mm后热应力迅速增大,鳍片磨损减薄后水冷壁热应力增加速度逐渐变大,当热应力超过材料的许用应力时极易发生爆管。水冷壁减薄量超过自身厚度的21.4%时考虑对水冷壁管进行更换。对水冷壁最大热应力与鳍片减薄量间的规律拟合成函数关系式,对判断水冷壁的热应力是否超限,具有重要意义。     

肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为相变储能基材、改性粉煤灰为复合基底,采用熔融混合法制备了肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料。利用TG/DTA与IR分析研究了复合相变储能材料的热性能与结构。结果表明:MA可均匀地嵌入改性粉煤灰的多孔结构中。经过400次储放热循环后,其相变温度和相变焓变化都不大,表现出较好的储热稳定性,有望在储能方面得到实际的应用。