Searching minimax game trees under memory space constraint

Games such as CHESS, GO and OTHELLO can be represented by minimax game trees. Among various search procedures to solve such game trees,content/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-content/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> and SSS^* are perhaps most well known. Although it is proved that SSS^* explores only a subset of the nodes explored bycontent/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-content/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">, content/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-content/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> is commonly believed to be faster in real applications, since it requires very little memory space and hence its storage management cost is low. Contrary to this folklore, however, this paper reports, using the OTHELLO game as an example, that SSS^* is much faster thancontent/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-content/w17j38u824l59555/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">. It is also demonstrated that SSS^* can be modified to make the required memory space controllable to some extent, while retaining the high efficiency of the original SSS^*.This research was partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan, under a Scientific Grant-in-Aid.     

Consequences of the formation of Cooper-pairs near oxygen-deficient sites

In this investigation we consider the formation of Cooper pairs near the oxygen-deficient sites in Y-Ba-Cu-O ceramic superconductors which would give rise to an energy-dependent potential as seen by conduction charge carriers. It is shown that Cooper pairs could be formed under such conditions, resulting in a supercurrent. We use the Bogoliubov transformation technique to calculate the energy gap, the energy difference, and the transition temperature of the model superconductor using certain data obtained from previous experiments. Numerical analysis shows that the superconducting current can be explained by the presence of such oscillating Cooper pairs.     

多字体印刷藏文内容监测系统研究

针对藏文舆情分析中藏文印刷品和藏文图片内容无法自动监测的难题,文章在深入分析印刷藏文字符特征和藏文文本特点的基础上,提出支持多字体印刷藏文内容监测系统的实现方法,重点阐述藏文字符的特征提取、分类算法以及藏文文本内容监测方法。     

隐极无刷双馈电动机的研究

针对无刷双馈电动机的转子磁场转换效率决定了其工作效率的问题,提出了一种隐极无刷双馈电动机隐极转子结构的优化设计方案。对作用较小的隐极转子进行优化设计,即将它们的槽型更改为半开口槽,不断改变它们的长宽比;利用有限元软件ANSYS分析不同长宽比转子结构的隐极无刷双馈电动机,获得其功率绕组励磁与控制绕组励磁分布;利用Matlab软件分解转子磁动势,获得转子磁动势的谐波含量,从而确定最有效谐波含量。实验结果表明,在设定隐极转子的长宽比分别为10、13、15、17、20的情况下,隐极无刷电动机在15倍长宽比转子结构时的能量转换效果最好。     

Effect of 0.1 at.% zirconium on the cyclic oxidation resistance ofβ-NiAl

The effect of 0.1 at.% Zr (0.2 wt.% Zr) on the cyclic oxidation of hipped content/h47558r235716445/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-NiAl was studied. Oxidation testing was performed in static air at 1100–1200 °C, using 1-hr exposure cycles for test times up to 3000 hr. The weight change versus time data were modeled with the COSP computer program to analyze and predict cyclic-oxidation behavior. Zr additions significantly change the nature of the scale-spalling process during cooling so that the oxide spalls near the oxide-air interface at a relatively low depth within the scale. Without Zr, the predominantly content/h47558r235716445/xxlarge945.gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-Al₂O₃ scale tends to spall randomly to bare metal at relatively high effective-scale-loss rates, particularly at 1150°C and 1200°C. This leads to higher rates of Al consumption for the Zr-free aluminide and much earlier depletion of Al, leading to eventual breakaway (i.e., failure).     

Mechanical procedure for proof construction via closed terms in typed λ calculus

In this paper is presented an algorithm for constructing natural deduction proofs in the propositional intuitionistic and classical logics according to the analogy relating intuitionistic propositional formulas and natural deduction proofs, respectively, to types and terms of simple type theory. Proofs are constructed as closed terms in the simple typed content/n10006702228123u/xxlarge955.gif" alt="lambda" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0"> calculus. The soundness and completeness of this method are proved.     

Sex pheromones of male yellowfin Baikal sculpin (Cottocomephorus grewingki): Isolation and chemical studies

Three components of the male yellowfin Baikal sculpin pheromonal signal have been isolated from urine by diethyl ether extraction, thinayer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using mass spectrometry, we have identified two of them as testosterone (T) and 11content/l0081531642147l7/xxlarge946.gif" alt="beta" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">-hydroxytestosterone (11HT). These steroids are synthesized in testes during full spermatogenesis, and they are excreted in male urine with milt. The third component is not a steroid. It is more likely to be a polyene alcohol (farnesol). 2Z,6E-Farnesol possesses behavioral activity.     

Beyond interpretation: Reply to Cummins' response

In his response to my content/rg4954209743k7x6/xxlarge8216.gif" alt="lsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">Why There Are No Mental Representationscontent/rg4954209743k7x6/xxlarge8217.gif" alt="rsquo" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">, Robert Cummins accused me of having misinterpreted his views, and attempted to undermine a crucial premise of my argument, which claimed that one could only define a semantic type non-semantically by stipulating which tokens should receive a uniform interpretation. I respond to the charge and defend the premise.