Experimental study of free convection in a window with a heated between-panes blind

An experimental study has been conducted to examine free convection in a window with an enclosed aluminum venetian-type blind. The unique feature of this experiment was that the blind slats were heated electrically to simulate absorbed solar radiation. Convective heat transfer measurements and temperature field visualization were obtained using a Mach-Zehnder laser interferometer. Optical measurements were made for two glazing spacings, two blind slat angles, two blind heat flux levels, and two glazing temperature differences. Both local and average convective heat flux data were obtained in the center region of the tall air-filled enclosure. At the widest glazing spacing, the temperature field was found to be unsteady. For these cases, the temporal fluctuation of the local convective heat transfer was time-averaged using a high speed camera. The experimental results have been compared to a simplified method in the literature for predicting the center-glass heat flux for this configuration.     

温度周期波动时自然对流对块石导热系数测定的影响

分析了开放系统和封闭系统块石试样内部的热传输机理。数值计算和实验结果都表明,在较大的表面温度波动条件下,封闭系统的块石试样中有一定的自然对流效应产生,其降温效应随时间具有累加性,但在试样上部分中热传导占支配地位,使得试样内温度波的振幅衰减与指数规律符合较好。因此,确定路堤、护坡块石的导热系数可以采用封闭系统的细长试样。     

混合对流作用下通风小室内流动换热的数值模拟

本文对一个侧壁受定热流作用的通风小室在两种气流组织型式下的混合对流换热情况进行了数值模拟,计算得到了流场,温度场及混合对流条件下室内的换热情况等随雷诺数Ｒａ的变化规律。     

竖直和水平圆管换热器在内热源液池内的两相换热特性

针对溶液堆整体模拟试验模型的结构尺寸和运行工况,建立了内热源液池内自然对流和鼓泡驱动同时作用下竖直和水平圆管换热器的两相流动和换热模型,进行了相应的数值模拟计算.数值计算得到不同加热强度和鼓泡流量下的对流换热性能,与相应试验结果进行了比较分析.利用相似理论和量纲分析,推导了内热源液池内两相流动换热的无因次准则关系式,根据数值计算结果总结出换热Nu数的经验关系式.最后,分析比较了竖直和水平圆管换热器的两相对流换热特性,为溶液堆内换热器设计和布置提供理论参考.     

垂直矩形通道内的混合对流实验与数值研究

对耦合了热辐射的垂直矩形通道内的混合对流情况进行了实验研究和数值模拟分析.研究表明:空气在通道内向上流动时,随着浮升力作用的增大,对流换热能力表现出先减小后增强的趋势;热辐射在换热过程中起着重要的作用,并随着对流换热能力的减弱而增强.数值模拟在浮升力影响较小时可以给出较好的结果,当浮升力影响比较大时,数值模拟计算的结果与实验有较大的偏差.     

搅拌条件下二元合金凝固组织的形态演化

采用SCN-5％Water（原子分数）透明模型合金和Sn-15％Pb（质量分数）合金对机械搅拌条件下凝固组织形态演化过程分别进行了实时动态观察和淬火金相组织分析．实验结果表明,在强烈机械搅拌作用下,两类实验合金在凝固过程中最早观察到的初生组织均为球晶组织．从实验上证实了通过适当的搅拌可直接获得球状晶组织;同时,在实验条件范围内,搅拌的进行还可促进球晶组织在相对较高温度下产生．根据凝固界面形态稳定性理论对球晶组织形成机制的分析表明：熔体中初生固相的旋转运动有利于提高液-固界面的稳定性,促进凝固组织保持球状稳定生长．     

北方侏罗、白垩系盆地形成、演化及地球动力学背景

通过中国北方侏罗、白垩系盆地演化特征的研究,认为盆地发育具有西早东晚的特点,早、中侏罗世,西北地区发育了近东西向的断陷盆地群,晚侏罗世晚期,蒙古东部、东北地区啧发了大面积的火山岩,早白垩世早期,东北地区发育了北北东、北东向的断陷盆地群。这样的盆地演化过程归结为其周缘的四大板块共同作用的结果。即：早、中侏罗世,由于华北板块向北运动的速度减慢和塔里木板块的向南运动,在西北地区和华北板块西北缘形成拉张环境,引起地幔上涌,导致近东西向的伸展断陷盆地群的形成;晚侏罗世晚期,西伯利亚板块向南相对运动,在泛东北地区产生一个从西到东发散的地幔对流应力场,使地幔对流物质向东流动,产生了火山喷发和早白垩世的伸展断陷盆地群的形成;早白垩世晚期,盆地群整体受挤压应力作用,但松辽盆地深部俯;中的板块由于长期受热流的作用,在青山口组时期发生了地幔拆沉作用,形成了一次热流高峰期,表现为一个弱拉张环境,使松辽盆地沉积了巨厚的坳陷期地层。     

冰期河湖与大气的热交换模型

河湖与大气的热交换模型是计算分析冰凌形成、发展、消融时空变化规律的基础.基于现有太阳辐射、长波辐射、蒸发和对流模型研究成果,以现场冰情要素观测及历史天气资料为依据,建立了适用于冰期计算分析的河湖与大气的热交换非线性模型.提出了考虑晴天散射的太阳辐射计算模型,以Iziomon公式计算大气长波逆辐射,以俄罗斯冬季公式计算蒸...     

Numerical simulation of steady natural convection heat transfer in a 3-dimensional single-ended tube subjected to a nanofluid

In this paper, 3-dimensional numerical simulation of steady natural convective flow and heat transfer are studied in a single-ended tube with non-uniform heat input. Apart from some other applications, it serves as a simplified model of the single-ended evacuated solar tube of a water-in-glass evacuated tube solar water heater. It is assumed that the sealed end of tube to be adiabatic and also the tube opening to be subjected to copper–water nanofluid. Governing equations are derived based on the conceptual model in the cylindrical coordinate system. The governing equations have been then approximated by means of a fully implicit finite volume control method (FVM), using SIMPLE algorithm on the collocated arrangement. The study has been carried out for solid volume fraction 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.05 and maximum heat flux 100 ≤ q_m ≤ 700. Considering that the driven flow in the tube is influenced by the dimensions and the inclination angle of the solar tube, the flow patterns and temperature distributions are presented on different cross sectional planes and longitudinal sections, when the tube is positioned at different orientations.     

Numerical simulation of mixed convection flows in a square lid-driven cavity partially heated from below using nanofluid

The present numerical study deals with mixed convection in a square lid-driven cavity partially heated from below and filled with water-base nanofluid containing various volume fractions of Cu, Ag, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂. Finite difference method was employed to solve the dimensionless governing equations of the problem. The effects of governing parameters, namely, Reynolds number, solid volume fraction, different values of the heat source length and different locations of the heat source on the streamlines and isotherms contours as well as Nusselt number and average Nusselt number along the heat source were considered. The present results are validated by favorable comparisons with previously published results. The results of the problem are presented in graphical and tabular forms and discussed.