Removal of basic nitrogen compounds from diesel by ternary complex denitrification agent

The basic nitrogen compounds (BNC) in diesel affect the storage equipments and performance of diesel. In this study, a ternary complex denitrification agent including aluminum chloride hexahydrate, methanol, and hydrochloric acid was used to remove BNC. The effects of all process parameters on removing BNC were reviewed systematically. The results showed that the optimum denitrification process was that ratio of aluminum chloride hexahydrate to methanol to hydrochloric acid was 0.09 g:20 mL:2.5 mL, mass ratio of denitrification agents to diesel was 0.5, reaction time was 3 min, reaction temperature was 35°C, and resting time was 15 min. Under the optimum condition, the denitrification rate reached 97.2% and the recovery rate was 96.5%. The denitrification process had a little effect on other physicochemical properties of diesel.     

长垣、齐家地区致密油水平井钻井提速配套技术

针对大庆长垣、齐家地区致密油水平井水平段长、三维井机械钻速慢、钻井周期长、井壁失稳等问题,通过井眼轨道设计优化,降低了三维井施工难度;通过高效螺杆优选,提高了钻井施工效率;通过研制应用提速钻井工具,提高了造斜段和水平段机械钻速;通过研制高性能水基钻井液体系,实现了长水平段防塌。现场应用14口井,取得了显著的提速效果,平均机械钻速10.53 m/h,相比应用之前机械钻速提高了25.68%。     

Bioremediation of Petroleum contaminated soils collected all around China: The extensive application and the microbial mechanism

A commercial microbial agent (Devoroil) was applied to study the biodegradation efficiency of four petroleum contaminated soils/sediment collected all around China. After 40 days of biodegradation, the total petroleum hydrocarbons removal rates were 41.8%, 95.7%, 84.5% and 93.5%. The soil achieved the lowest biodegradation efficiency was chosen to conduct another bioremediation experiment to study the degradation dynamics of petroleum and the microbial mechanism. The results showed that biodegradation dynamics correspond to a negative index relation. The analysis of PCR-DGGE exhibited that Thioalkalivibrio sp., Nocardia sp. and Mycobacterium sp. were probably the dominant functional microbes in the contaminated environment.     

High-Pressure Phase Behavior and Equilibria for Chinese Petroleum Residua and Light Hydrocarbon Systems. Part II

The influence of temperature, pressure, and solvent to oil ratio on phase compositions has been determined in a Hg-free high-pressure PVT instrument by using a whole phase sampling technique. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation (SFEF) technology, in combination with SARA analysis, have resolved a key problem, the characterization of heavy oil in the modeling of the phase equilibria of the complex heavy oil and light hydrocarbon systems. Phase equilibria of the heavy oil system can be adequately modeled by the SRK and PR equations of state using a new estimation method for critical properties. This information has been used to establish operational envelopes for conventional solvent deasphalting process (SDA) and a new supercritical solvent-selective separation (SSELS) process.     

特大型钻井单闸板防喷器的研制

为满足用户的要求,在成功开发各型闸板防喷器系列产品的基础上,又成功地开发了我国首台特大型钻井单闸板防喷器。该防喷器采用APISpec6A法兰与其它井口设备连接,关闭及打开闸板总成均采用液压操作,闸板关闭后采用手动锁紧闸板轴的方法,可实现防喷器地面控制系统泄压。现场使用情况表明,它能满足钻井作业需要。按APISpec53推荐标准,每使用14d试压1次,共试压3次,均合格。在倒换井口之后进行常规检查,各部件均正常、完好,其经济效益是非常可观的。     

大港油田水平井保护油层钻井液技术

水平井油层保护工作比普通开发井更为重要,其重要环节是钻井液的油层保护工作。大港油田集团钻井泥浆技术服务公司针对大港油田和冀东油田断块型砂岩油层特点,依据不同的完井方式,研究出适应不同区块、不同完井方式的水平井钻井液保护油层方案,在75口水平井进行了现场应用,取得了较好的油层保护效果,平均渗透率恢复值达到86.75%,试验井原油产量均超过配产指标。现场应用结果表明,广谱型屏蔽暂堵和理想充填保护油气层技术能实现有效暂堵,确保封堵效果,非常适用于非均质砂岩油藏的油层保护,其中理想充填保护油气层技术是借助计算机软件工作,操作更方便,它更适用于高孔高渗的砂岩油藏;低固相超低渗透保护油气层钻井液技术适应筛管完井的水平井油层保护,具有较高的现场应用价值;油层保护研究必须按区块、分层位进行,油层保护方案必须个性化,才能取得理想的效果。     

吉尔吉斯马平528井钻井液技术

马平528井地层沉积为陆相古河道沉积，沉积岩以碎屑岩和泥岩为主，地层组成及岩性较为复杂，尤其是在该地层进行水平井施工，对钻井液体系及其各项性能参数提出了比常规水平井更高的要求。根据地层易坍塌、可钻性差、钻时慢、起下钻频繁、井眼浸泡时间长等特点，该井采用了强抑制性聚合醇润滑防塌钻井液体系，现场通过合理调整钻井液密度及其它性能参数，满足了水平井段的钻井施工要求。     

套管灌钻井液解卡装置的研制与应用

针对钻井过程中下套管作业时需经常给套管柱灌注钻井液和下套管遇阻遇卡难以解阻解卡的问题,研制开发了套管灌钻井液解卡装置。该装置主要由钻杆接头、胶封总成、阀总成、引导管总成4部分组成。其中胶封总成用于下套管遇阻或遇卡时,封住套管管口,向管柱内注入压力钻井液,通过钻井液循环达到解阻和解卡的目的。阀总成主要由开启单向阀和释放单向阀组成,开启单向阀用于向管柱内灌钻井液和停止灌钻井液时能迅速封住管口;释放单向阀用于释放管柱内的压力使装置顺利从套管中提出。使用该装置可有效地解决套管自动灌钻井液和遇阻解阻的问题,大大提高钻井实效,保证下套管的质量。     

变频调速技术在钻井振动筛控制中的应用

单一振动频率的钻井振动筛处理泥浆的量是固定的,而在钻井过程中从井底返出的泥浆量是随机变化的,单一振动频率的振动筛处理泥浆的能力与泥浆返出量不相匹配,造成泥浆浪费或固相含量不达标,影响泥浆的使用性能及钻井效率。利用电力变频装置,改变振动筛的激振电机的频率,通过调控装置,使振动频率随泥浆返出量而变化。22个井队的应用证明,泥浆性能及钻井效率都有所提高,延长了振动筛的寿命。     

济阳坳陷地层油气藏油气运移动力与方式探讨

油气运移研究相对不足是目前制约济阳坳陷地层油气藏勘探的关键因素之一。本文依据油气成藏动力学理论,运用流体包裹体分析技术、油气运移物理模拟实验和地质统计学方法,对地层油气藏油气运聚动力与方式进行了探讨。研究认为,济阳坳陷地层油气藏油气运移动力早期以流体异常压力为主,后期逐渐过渡到以浮力为主;流体异常压力推动着含烃流体向外运移,浮力因输导层产状变化而具有一定的局限性;"高压临时仓储"的存在增加了远距离地层圈闭的成藏几率;盆缘流体异常压力值和地层水矿化度值突进方向与盆缘鼻状构造、坡折带展布方向一致,为油气运移的主要汇聚方向;流体异常压力的形成与发育特点决定了油气运移方式以幕式为主,也使济阳坳陷横向上发育多种地层油藏类型、纵向上发育多套含油层系。