Dry reforming of methane over Ni/dendritic fibrous SBA-15 (Ni/DFSBA-15): Optimization,mechanism, and regeneration studies

Dendritic fibrous type SBA-15 (DFSBA-15) was recently discovered with its outstanding catalytic performance and coke resistance as compared to the conventional SBA-15. The operating conditions for dry reforming of methane (DRM) over 10Ni/DFSAB-15 were optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM), followed by stability and regeneration study. Characterization results (TEM and FESEM) confirmed the homogenous distribution of NiO particles with no morphological change in spherical DFSBA-15 upon Ni addition. Process parameters, such as reaction temperature (X₁, 700 °C–900 °C), gas hourly space velocity (X₂, 15,000 mL/g.h ‒ 35,000 mL/g.h), and CH₄/CO₂ ratio (X₃, 1–3) were studied over CO₂ conversion (Y₁), CH₄ conversion (Y₂), and H₂/CO ratio (Y₃). The optimal reaction conditions were found at X₁ = 794.37 °C, X₂ = 23,815.022 mL/g.h, and X₃ = 1.199, with Y₁ = 95.67%, Y₂ = 93.48%, and Y₃ = 0.983. The in-situ FTIR studies of adsorbed CH₄, CO₂, and CH₄ + CO₂ confirmed the formation of unidentate carbonate, bidentate carbonate, and linear carbonyl species as intermediate species. 10Ni/DFSBA-15 presented good reproducibility by using both regeneration medium (air and CO₂/N₂) with two-fold regeneration by air as compared to CO₂/N₂. It was proven that the synthesized 10Ni/DFSBA-15 was appreciably stable and prone to be regenerated by air for DRM under optimal conditions.     

A comparative thermodynamic analysis of Kalina and organic Rankine cycles for hot dry rock: a prospect study in the Gonghe Basin

Hot dry rock is a new type of geothermal resource which has a promising application prospect in China. This paper conducted a comparative research on performance evaluation of two eligible bottoming cycles for a hot dry rock power plant in the Gonghe Basin. Based on the given heat production conditions, a Kalina cycle and three organic Rankine cycles were tested respectively with different ammonia-water mixtures of seven ammonia mass fractions and nine eco-friendly working fluids. The results show that the optimal ammonia mass fraction is 82% for the proposed bottoming Kalina cycle in view of maximum net power output. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that wet fluids should be supercritical while dry fluids should be saturated at the inlet of turbine, respectively. The maximum net power output of the organic Rankine cycle with dry fluids expanding from saturated state is higher than that of the other organic Rankine cycle combinations, and is far higher than the maximum net power output in all tested Kalina cycle cases. Under the given heat production conditions of hot dry rock resource in the Gonghe Basin, the saturated organic Rankine cycle with the dry fluid butane as working fluid generates the largest amount of net power.     

含杂质CO2干气密封运行工况点物性参数计算及密封温度场分析

在“碳达峰、碳中和”背景下,二氧化碳（CO₂）捕集利用与封存（carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS）技术作为减少CO₂排放的最有效策略已成为世界关注的热点。针对应用于CCUS技术中的离心式压缩机,以螺旋槽干气密封为研究对象,含杂质CO₂为润滑介质,基于EOS–CG（equation of state for combustion gases and combustion gas-like mixtures）模型获得干气密封运行工况范围内含杂质CO₂混合物密度、焓值、声速及焦耳–汤姆逊系数等热力学参数;考虑实际气体效应、黏温压效应、阻塞流效应、离心惯性效应及润滑介质与密封端面间的对流换热,采用有限差分法耦合求解雷诺方程、能量方程及密封环热传导方程,获得含杂质CO₂干气密封压力场、温度场、开启力、泄漏率等稳态性能参数。结果表明：当温度一定时,密度随压力的增大而增大,焓值、焦耳–汤姆逊系数随压力的增大而减小;当压力一定时,密度随温度的增大而减小,焓值随温度的增大而增大,在较低压力区域,声速随温度的增大而增大,焦耳–汤姆逊系数随温度的增大而减小;当密封进口压力为12 MPa、进口温度为380 K、转速为15 000 r/min时,含杂质CO₂干气密封出口压力为1.9 MPa,气膜进出口温差约为23 K,密封环端面内外径温差约为10 K;以转速、进口压力、进口温度为变量时,气膜温度、密封环端面温度随转速、进口温度的增大而增大,随进口压力的增大而减小;开启力随转速、进口压力、进口温度的增大而增大;泄漏率随转速、进口温度的增大而减小,随进口压力的增大而增大。     

即食干发酵香肠生产过程中干预措施对沙门氏菌的影响及其应激机制研究进展

即食干发酵香肠是一种深受消费者喜爱的发酵肉制品,其既具有发酵食品的独特风味,又具有肉制品的丰富营养.但由于没有经过灭菌处理,其中存在的沙门氏菌污染使得即食干发酵香肠成为食源性疾病的食品来源之一.本文对即食干发酵香肠生产过程中沙门氏菌的减菌处理及其减菌效果以及沙门氏菌的应激机制进行了综述,以期为即食干发酵香肠生产过程中的...     

干热岩长期开采过程中水岩作用的研究进展

干热岩资源是一种储量巨大的可再生清洁能源,我国的干热岩资源储量丰富,高效稳定开采干热岩是我国实现“双碳”战略目标的途径之一。干热岩开发主要是通过增强型地热系统完成。在干热岩开发时,岩石长期处于高温高压的水环境中,会出现岩石中不同矿物溶解/沉积的现象,造成裂缝堵塞或者管道结垢等问题。同时,在水与干热岩进行接触换热的过程中,水岩作用还会对岩石的力学性质产生影响,诱导岩石微孔隙生成、裂隙扩展,使岩石劣化损伤程度加剧,力学性能下降。本文分析了干热岩开发过程中高温高压条件下水岩作用引起的问题,阐述了水岩作用的机理,总结了当前水岩作用的实验方法以及数值模拟方法,最后对未来干热岩开发中水岩作用的研究方向进行了探讨,为今后干热岩长周期高效安全开发提供一些理论参考。     

铸绩效理论指导壳型铸造气缸体组芯胎具的优化设计

介绍了小型干式缸套气缸体复杂薄壁类铸铁件壳型铸造生产中,应用传统观念手工组芯方法存在的诸多不足。阐述了采用绩效理论指导小型气缸体壳型铸造的气缸体砂型铸造中组芯胎具的工艺结构、砂芯锁紧工艺结构和方法等方面的优化设计,以及使其能在小型干式缸套气缸体铸铁件壳型铸造过程中获得良好的工艺效果。     

Zinc-Imidazolate Films as an All-Dry Resist Technology

Motivated by the drawbacks of solution phase processing, an all-dry resist formation process is presented that utilizes amorphous zinc-imidazolate (aZnMIm) films deposited by atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD), patterned with electron beam lithography (EBL), and developed by novel low temperature (120 °C) gas phase etching using 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone (hfacH) to achieve well-resolved 22 nm lines with a pitch of 30 nm. The effects of electron beam irradiation on the chemical structure and hfacH etch resistance of aZnMIm films are investigated, and it is found that electron irradiation degrades the 2-methylimidazolate ligands and transforms aZnMIm into a more dense material that is resistant to etching by hfacH and has a C:N:Zn ratio effectively identical to that of unmodified aZnMIm. These findings showcase the potential for aZnMIm films to function in a dry resist technology. Sensitivity, contrast, and critical dimensions of the patterns are determined to be 37 mC cm⁻², 0.87, and 29 nm, respectively, for aZnMIm deposited on silicon substrates and patterned at 30 keV. This work introduces a new direction for solvent-free resist processing, offering the prospect of scalable, high-resolution patterning techniques for advanced semiconductor fabrication processes.     

棉籽油干法分提工艺的研究

以棉籽油为原料,利用干法分提对其进行改性。考察了结晶温度、冷却速率、养晶时间及搅拌速率对棉籽固脂碘值、0℃固体脂肪含量(SFC)及固脂得率的影响。确定的最佳分提工艺条件为:结晶温度5℃,冷却速率2℃/h,养晶时间10 h,搅拌速率15 r/min。所得固脂的碘值(I)为91 g/100 g,0℃SFC为31.6%,固脂得率为12.89%。     

卡拉胶干燥特性研究及干燥设备的选择设计

目前国内卡拉胶生产厂家生产过程中的干燥工序都用日晒方法,尚没有采用干燥设备的成功经验.文中通过对卡拉胶干燥特性曲线的研究,证明其干燥速率曲线无明显的恒速干燥段等特点,进而选择流化床干燥器用于卡拉胶的干燥,并通过详实的计算和对设备的相应改造,给出了一定经济规模卡拉胶生产线干燥工序的设备设计和设备简图.     

重油催化裂化装置干气增加原因浅析

针对中国石油L分公司的重油催化裂化装置在使用重油裂化催化剂(A剂)期间干气产率增加的状况,从原料油性质、系统催化剂品质、工艺操作条件、产物分布和产品性质等方面较全面地分析了造成干气增加的原因,并提出了相应的改进措施及建议,为该装置的平稳、优化操作提供了有价值的参考。