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71.
Removal of chromium (VI) from dilute aqueous solutions by activated carbon developed from Terminalia arjuna nuts activated with zinc chloride 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Different structured activated carbons were prepared from Terminalia arjuna nuts, an agricultural waste, by chemical activation with zinc chloride for the adsorption of Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The most important parameter in chemical activation was found to be the chemical ratio (activating agent/precursor, g/g). Carbonization temperature and time are the other two important variables, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. A high surface area of was obtained at a chemical ratio of 300%, carbonization time and temperature of 1 h and 500 °C, respectively. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capability to adsorb Cr(VI) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentrations. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum removal of chromium was obtained at pH 1.0 (about 99% for adsorbent dose of 2 g/l and 10 mg/l initial concentration). 相似文献
72.
The early stage of velocity relaxation of nonspherical particles in a flow behind an incident shock wave is considered by the method of multiframe shadowgraphy. A procedure of processing the data on the motion of a free body for determining its acceleration is proposed; in combination with the diagnostic method used, the procedure forms something like a noncontact aerodynamic balance. Novel data on the drag of bodies of irregular shape in a flow behind a shock wave with Mach numbers of 0.5–1.5 and Reynolds numbers of 105 typical of dust explosions are obtained. It is found that the values of drag of a nonspherical bluff body and a sphere under these conditions are similar and exceed the drag of a sphere in a steady flow by a factor of 2 to 3.Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 81–88, January–February, 2005. 相似文献
73.
简述了无水焦粉生产过程中的粉尘污染及其危害,分析了目前粉尘污染的现状、研究情况、环境监测及改造的必要性,提出了解决无水焦粉粉尘治理工艺改造的方案及粉尘的综合利用。 相似文献
74.
K. Bouzek R. Chmelíková M. Paidar H. Bergmann 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2003,33(2):205-215
A study was made of the influence of process parameters on the mass-transfer coefficient in a flow-through cell with a cascade of rotating drums partially filled with conductive particles (called the vertically moving particle bed). Copper deposition from an acidic sodium sulphate solution was used as the model reaction. To evaluate the experimental data a macrohomogeneous mathematical model of potential and current density distribution inside the cell was developed. The electrolyte flow distribution between the empty space above the particle bed and through the bed was evaluated. On the basis of these results the following correlation is proposed:
where the first term corresponds to the packed bed electrode and the second term represents the contribution of bed rotation. It is valid for bed porosity of 45%, cathode drum rotation rates between 0.047 and 0.120 Hz (i.e., 2.8 to 7.2 rpm) and a Re
p range of 0.003 to 0.013. 相似文献
75.
Heinz Ludwig 《Desalination》2004,164(1):1-18
Ever since seawater desalination has been applied on an industrial scale, and particular in the countries of the Arabian Gulf, the application of desalination processes in dual-purpose facilities—water and power—as a hybrid configuration has been discussed in many feasibility investigations and also planning concepts. It is above all the combination of reverse osmosis with thermal processes that has found increasing interest with the aim of ensuring, as economically as possible, uniform water supplies under the specific, greatly varying load conditions in the Gulf countries. Such design concepts for hybrid configurations encompass straightforward structures with a low degree of coupling between membrane and thermal desalination processes, but range up to very complex configurations with strong interconnections on both the water side and thermally, as well as with several desalination processes connected in series or in parallel. Classical hybrid concepts in which the permeate from an RO desalination component is mixed with distillate from thermal desalination have already been implemented in Saudi Arabian dual-purpose plants, like Jeddah and Yanbu-Medina. Although hybrid systems of greater complexity have been addressed in many design studies and publications, up to now none has been brought to fruition. Coming into consideration asthe design basis for determining the capacity shares of the various desalination processes operated in a hybrid configuration are: arrangement of thermal cycle of the power plant component; water/power ratio of the dual-purpose seawater desalination and power plant; provision of undiminished water production of the desalination plant as electricity generation varies; provision of a specified drinking water quality with regard to composition and salt content; combination of all these aspects. Also gaining in importance are concerns of environmental pollution and sustainable development when selecting seawater desalination and power plant configurations, as well as their optimization when considering desalination and electricity generation as a whole. In the practical design of hybrid membrane and thermal systems, aspects come to light, though, that restrict linking of the two systems and joint utilization of facilities, as conceived in studies and conceptual design investigations. This applies both for common utilization of intakes and the use of heated up cooling water from thermal processes as a feed stream for the RO part of the desalination process. Additionally, requirements of drinking water composition, particularly chloride content, TDS and compliance with a specific residual content of boron, influence specifically the design of the membrane process part and its share in the total desalination capacity. Such practical aspects have greatly influenced the design and configuration of the Fujairah hybrid plant for which, from a total desalination capacity of 100 MIGD (454,600 m3/d), the share of 37.5 MIGD (170,500 m3/d) makes its seawater RO plant the biggest currently being constructed anywhere in the world. From the findings of the engineering of this plant and the idea that, by increasing interconnection between the two processes on the water side, it is possible to advance a hybrid configuration of this type with regard to cost optimization in the membrane installation, but also by joint utilization of the intake equipment, perspectives result for applied research efforts over the near and long terms, for example: long-term behavior of membranes at elevated temperatures; tendency for biofouling in membrane process with common utilization of cooling water and brine; influences of such interconnections on the overall availability of the facility. But also for the operation and maintenance organization of such large facilities, consequences can be foreseen for the future development of hybrid plants, particularly for operation management and organisation of the interplay of the different power plant and desalination systems, monitoring of SWRO membrane replacement and cleaning, as well as controlling water quality. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
介绍了改良MEA脱碳技术的基本原理、工艺特点以及在工业中的应用情况,实践表明,改良MEA提高了溶液的吸收能力,降低了再生热耗,解决了MEA易降解损耗等问题。 相似文献
79.
80.
The rates of absorption of CO2 into water and 0.1 kmol/m3 aqueous solutions of MEA, DEA and AMP were measured in a stirred cell with a flat gas-liquid interface in the presence of fine activated carbon particles. Experiments showed that the rates of absorption increased significantly with increases in the loading of activated carbon up to about 6 kg/m3 and thereafter remained constant. 相似文献