反硝化除磷工艺影响因素研究进展

概述了反硝化除磷工艺原理,介绍了关于碳源、硝酸盐和亚硝酸、温度、pH值、HRT、SRT等影响因素的研究进展,并分析了该反硝化除磷技术的发展前景,建议开展关于反硝化除磷工艺厌氧阶段、以NO3^--N和NO2^--N为电子受体的缺氧阶段各影响因素的多因素正交试验研究。     

Design Methodology and Area Sensitivity Analysis of Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands

An approach is presented to satisfy the demand for simple criteria, guidelines and models for the preliminary sizing of horizontal subsurface flow (SF) constructed wetland systems. This approach eliminates time-consuming calculations and iterations by providing graphical solutions for wetland system sizing. Therefore, it can be used for the preliminary assessment of new or performance evaluation of existing subsurface flow constructed wetland systems. The validity of this methodology is checked with data from existing systems and is found to be quite satisfactory. This methodology is combined with simple equations predicting the maximum wetland capacity in summer, so as to assist designers in sizing installations in tourist areas with increased summer populations. Furthermore, based on this methodology, a sensitivity analysis is performed of the area requirements for wastewaters of various strengths and various design conditions and performance criteria. The results provide a useful overview to engineers and further simplify the design methodology of new subsurface flow constructed wetland systems.     

含铁矿物吸附剂除磷机理研究及中试应用

研究了含铁矿物吸附剂吸附含磷废水的各项性能,通过静态试验得出此吸附剂的最佳吸附条件,并以此为依据进行了动态小试试验和中试试验。结果表明,含铁矿物吸附剂的吸附平衡时间为45h,吸附等温线较符合Freundlich方程,pH约为5时吸附量达到最大,除铁离子和铝离子外,水体中无机阴离子和阳离子对磷酸盐的吸附影响不大。用1mol/L的NaOH溶液对饱和吸附剂解吸再生,解吸率达到90%以上。在合适的填充体积和进水流速下,含铁矿物吸附剂连续吸附除磷可以达到良好的效果,中试试验装置连续运行了约105d,出水TP达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)(Ⅲ类湖、库)要求。     

废水生物除磷技术综述

介绍和评述了生物除磷的两种机理,基于两种机理的除磷工艺,指出了它们的特点,探讨了今后除磷技术的发展方向.     

沙尘粒子的物理化学与光学特性

利用激光雷达、卫星、太阳光度计、地面能见度,结合分析化学等资料研究了长程运输到台湾地区的各种粒子的物理化学与光学特性。激光雷达与太阳光度计可以得到沙尘与云的高度分布、大气光学厚度、消光以及粒子大小分布等的信息。地面测站的化学分析等显示沙尘具有增强的水溶性离子:如Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+及Cl-、NO3-、SO42-等。由于这些物质的亲水性,使它们成为云的凝结核。根据粒径分布随着湿度增加而变大,及在一些沙尘事件中观察到云的例案可以知道它们对气候的影响。     

Removal of COD from laundry wastewater by electrocoagulation/electroflotation

The removal efficiency of COD in the treatment of simulated laundry wastewater using electrocoagulation/electroflotation technology is described. The experimental results showed that the removal efficiency was better, reaching to about 62%, when applying ultrasound to the electrocoagulation cell. The solution pH approached neutrality in all experimental runs. The optimal removal efficiency of COD was obtained by using the applied voltage of 5V when considering the energy efficiency and the acceptable removal efficiency simultaneously. The Cl(-) concentration of less than 2500ppm had a positive effect on the removal efficiency. The performance of the monopolar connection of electrodes was better than that of the bipolar connection in this work. In addition, the removal efficiency of using Al electrodes was higher in comparison with using Fe electrodes in the study. The highest COD removal amount per joule was found to be 999mgdm(-3)kWh(-1) while using two Al electrodes, although the removal efficiency increased with the number of Al plates.     

AC600二次侧非能动应急堆芯余热排出系统实验装置及研究计划

ＡＣ６００二次侧非能动应急堆芯余热排出系统实验装置是一座大型非能动安全系统实验研究装置，在设计上，它以热工水力模拟理论及模拟准则为依据，在保持原型系统主要热工水力现象和过程的前提下，对系统进行了必要的简化，本文介绍了该实验装置回路，电气，仪表及测控系统的设计原则和设计结果，以及第一阶段研究计划和内容，最后，根据调试和运行结果总结了设计特点和经验。     

Above-ground HTGR design for passive decay heat removal

The design of a small high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) for passive decay heat removal which could be located deeply underground was proposed previously. In the present work, analogue design analyses of passive decay heat removal for an above-ground long-life small prismatic HTGR was carried out to obtain the conditions for successful decay heat removal by radiation and conduction inside the reactor building, and by radiation and natural cooling by air at the outer surface of the reactor building. Sensitivity analysis of the peak temperatures of both the core and the reactor building after reactor shutdown was performed by changing the physical characteristics of the reactor regions. Enlarging the reactor building was found to be an effective way to reduce the peak reactor building temperature to within its design limit. By using the obtained condition for design parameters, the appropriate sizes of reactor core and reactor building were evaluated for some reactors. Consequently, criticality and burnup analyses for the proposed reactors were performed to confirm the possibility of designing a long-life core for the core size and reactor power which meet the condition of removing decay heat successfully. Using our design, all the reactors with 20 wt% uranium enrichment could be critical for over nine years.     

摇摆条件下非能动余热排出系统运行特性的试验研究

在摇摆台架上对摇摆条件下的非能动余热排出系统运行特性进行了试验研究。分析了摇摆运动对非能动余热排出系统各主要参数的影响,并对摇摆条件下的重位压降和附加压降对流速的影响进行了理论分析。在摇摆过程中,各参数的波动周期与摇摆周期一致,摇摆幅度越大,各主要参数波动越剧烈;凝水流量平均值与凝水温度变化趋势相同,冷却水进出口温差平均值有所差异,但其波动幅度却相差不大。蒸汽压力和凝水温度在摇摆过程中无波动。附加压降会使流速不断变化,但不会对平均流速产生影响,平均重位压降降低是造成平均流速减小的1个原因。