基于灰度梯度共生矩阵的桌面灰尘检测算法

针对桌面灰尘检测在光照变化时有灰尘与无灰尘图像相似度区分界限不明显的问题，提出一种基于兰氏距离改进的图像相似度算法。该算法融合指数函数性质，将模板图与有灰尘和无灰尘图像之间的兰氏距离转换为（0，1］区间的相似度值，同时扩大相似度差值。为增强灰尘纹理特征信息，将灰度图进行拉普拉斯算子卷积，再用共生矩阵特征提取算法提取特征参数并将其组合成一维向量。用改进后的相似度算法计算模板图与待检测图的特征参数向量相似度，根据向量相似度判断桌面是否具有灰尘。实验结果表明在300~900 lux光照范围内，无灰尘图像之间的相似度高于90.01%，有灰尘与无灰尘图像之间的相似度低于62.57%。两种相似度的均值能够作为阈值，在光照变化时有效地判断桌面是否具有灰尘。     

Experimental and computational study on the separation performance of an electrostatic precipitator with curved transvers collecting plates

Aiming at the problems of low collection efficiency of fine particulate matter and large area occupied by existing electrostatic precipitators (ESP), a new type of horizontal electrode ESP is proposed. It has the advantages of accelerating turbulent coalescence, increasing the effective dust collecting area and increasing the particle driving speed. The performance of the new type of ESP is systematic studied through simulation and experiment at the same time, and the results matches well. By comparing the dust removal effect of the horizontal electrode ESP and the conventional ESP, it can be concluded that the horizontal electrode ESP has a better dust removal efficiency, and can still maintain a better dust removal effect under high air velocity. The dust removal efficiency of new ESP can reach above 98% under the experimental conditions.     

仓泵技术应用于电石粉尘回收装置的探讨

根据陕西金泰氯碱化工有限公司新建的电石粉尘回收装置的运行情况,探讨了仓泵技术的应用及仓泵在运行过程中的异常情况。指出装置运行后降低了电石消耗,每年可产生约400万元的经济效益,同时也降低了企业的安全风险,改善了乙炔生产现场环境。     

Electrostatic dust collectors compared to inhalable samplers for measuring endotoxin concentrations in farm homes

Paired electrostatic dust collectors (EDCs) and daily, inhalable button samplers (BS) were used concurrently to sample endotoxin in 10 farm homes during 7‐day periods in summer and winter. Winter sampling included an optical particle counter (OPC) to measure PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10. Electrostatic dust collectors and BS filters were analyzed for endotoxin using the kinetic chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Optical particle counter particulate matter (PM) data were divided into two PM categories. In summer, geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) endotoxin concentrations were 0.82 EU/m³ (2.7) measured with the BS and 737 EU/m² (1.9) measured with the EDC. Winter values were 0.52 EU/m³ (3.1) for BS and 538 EU/m² (3.0) for EDCs. Seven‐day endotoxin values of EDCs were highly correlated with the 7‐day BS sampling averages (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). Analysis of variance indicated a 2.4‐fold increase in EDC endotoxin concentrations for each unit increase of the ratio of PM_2.5 to PM_2.5–10. There was also a significant correlation between BS and EDCs endotoxin concentrations for winter (r = 0.67; P < 0.05) and summer (r = 0.75; P < 0.05). Thus, EDCs sample comparable endotoxin concentrations to BS, making EDCs a feasible, easy to use alternative to BS for endotoxin sampling.     

蒸汽转化炉对流段热效率低的原因分析

结合2500t/d甲醇装置蒸汽转化炉的工艺流程及运行状况,分析与探讨蒸汽转化炉对流段热效率低的原因,并制定出相应的改进措施。     

600MW机组布袋除尘器综合集成施工技术

阐述了600 MW机组布袋除尘器施工的关键技术,施工过程中把设备部件最大化地面组合后,分单元退吊、配合自制吊具解决了现场吊车站位及起重能力不够的难题,花板梁水平度控制、壳体正压密封试验、花板荧光粉检漏等综合集成技术,保证了整个工程安全、优质、高效地完成,从而提高了布袋除尘器的除尘效率,取得良好的经济效益。     

粉尘爆炸机理及粉尘防爆电气设备标准介绍

分析了粉尘爆炸产生的机理,介绍了我国粉尘防爆电气设备国家标准的制定、发展和逐步完善等内容。     

Exposure to organophosphate and polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants via indoor dust and childhood asthma

Although the ubiquitous detection of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) in indoor dust has raised health concerns, only very few epidemiological studies have assessed their impact on human health. Inhalation of dust is one of the exposure routes of FRs, especially in children and can be hazardous for the respiratory health. Moreover, PFRs are structurally similar to organophosphate pesticides, which have been associated with allergic asthma. Thus, we investigated whether the concentrations of PFRs and PBDEs in indoor dust are associated with the development of childhood asthma. We selected 110 children who developed asthma at 4 or at 8 years old and 110 matched controls from a large prospective birth cohort (BAMSE – Barn, Allergy, Milieu Stockholm Epidemiology). We analyzed the concentrations of 7 PFRs and 21 PBDEs in dust collected around 2 months after birth from the mother's mattress. The abundance rank in dust was as follows: TBOEP?TPHP>mmp‐TMPP>EHDPHP~TDCIPP>TCEP~TCIPP~BDE‐209?BDE‐99>BDE‐47>BDE‐153>BDE‐183>BDE‐100. There was no positive association between the FRs in mattress dust and the development of childhood asthma. In contrast, dust collected from mattresses of the mothers of children who would develop asthma contained significant lower levels of TPHP and mmp‐TMPP. This study provides data on a wide range of PFRs and PBDEs in dust samples and development of asthma in children.     

塑胶件小型孔槽CNC铣削集尘不良之改善

从塑胶件小型孔槽在CNC铣削加工时,容易在孔壁处产生集尘不良的现象,分析了其产生的原因,提出了可行的改善对策。     

含锌冶金尘泥特性分析及锌铁分离

为实现含锌冶金尘泥节能、环保、低碳的资源化利用，对原料进行水分、粒度、化学成分、物相组成、SEM-EDS等物理化学特性分析。结果表明：含锌冶金尘泥的水分为3.43%、水分容易脱除，颗粒大小不一、细小颗粒会聚集成团和黏附于大颗粒表面，具有回收利用价值的成分主要为锌和铁，含量分别为5.06%和29.24%,其中锌主要以ZnFe₂O₄的形式存在于细小颗粒中、铁主要以Fe₂O₃的形式存在。含锌冶金尘泥的锌铁分离试验研究表明：直接磁选和常规焙烧—磁选的锌铁分离效果均不理想，微波焙烧—磁选可以达到较好的锌铁富集分离效果；在微波焙烧温度700℃、焙烧时间10 min的条件下，磁选精矿产率为61.67%、铁含量为54.39%、锌含量为2.62%,磁选尾矿锌含量为12.15%、铁含量为9.74%,磁选精矿和磁选尾矿均能实现较好的资源化回收利用。