高压环境双水平井SAGD三维物理模拟实验

针对原始地层压力较高且难于在短期内降压的特稠油油藏,为了研究双水平井SAGD在高压环境下的开发效果,利用高温、高压三维物理模拟系统进行了SAGD物理模拟实验,并分析了在原始地层压力较高的特稠油油藏中进行SAGD生产的各项特征。研究结果表明:与低压环境下的SAGD生产过程相比,在高压环境下蒸汽腔发育过程虽然也分为3个阶段,但是蒸汽腔体积小,横向扩展范围有限;生产过程中没有出现稳产阶段,产油速率和油汽比在达到最大值以后迅速降低,大量原油在高含水和低油汽比阶段被产出;生产过程中热损失速率先缓慢、后迅速增加,最后保持稳定,与蒸汽腔发育的3个阶段相对应。根据实验研究结果可知,在高压环境下进行SAGD生产难以取得较为理想的开发效果,低压环境下SAGD开发的采收率远高于高压环境下SAGD的采收率。因此,高压环境下实施SAGD不能有效释放蒸汽潜热从而提高稠油油藏采收率,在能降低油藏压力的条件下,应首先利用适当工艺措施降低油藏平均压力,再实施SAGD开发。     

An evaluation of enhanced oil recovery strategies for a heavy oil reservoir after cold production with sand

Cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) is the process of choice for unconsolidated heavy oil reservoirs with relatively high gas content. The key challenge of CHOPS is that the recovery factor tends to be between 5% and 15%, implying that the majority of the oil remains in the ground after the process is rendered uneconomic. Continued cold production (without sands) is not productive for a post‐CHOPS reservoir because of the low oil saturation and depleted reservoir pressure in the wormhole regions. There is a need to develop viable recovery processes for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. Here, different follow‐up processes are examined for a post‐CHOPS heavy oil reservoir. In post‐CHOPS cold water flooding, severe water channeling is ineffective at displacing high viscosity heavy oil. Hot water flooding improves the sweep efficiency and produces more oil compared with cold water flooding. However, the swept region is limited to the domain between the neighboring wormhole networks, and the energy efficiency of the process is relatively poor. Compared with the hot water flooding case, steam flooding achieves higher oil production rates and lower water use. A cyclic steam stimulation strategy achieves the best performance regarding oil production rates and water usage. Based on our results, it is observed that thermally based techniques alone are not capable to recover the oil economically for post‐CHOPS reservoirs. However, it is suggested that techniques with combined use of thermal energy and solvent could potentially yield efficient oil recovery methods for these reservoirs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

对太阳能热泵PV蒸发器的理论研究及基于分布参数法的数值模拟

从制冷系统热动力学的理论出发,对太阳能热泵PV蒸发器建立了相应的二维模型,并对太阳辐射强度、环境温度以及结构参数等对运行状况的影响进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,该模型能有效的预测蒸发器内的运行工况,也可作为部件及系统优化设计的依据。     

DF4B型机车机油压力低的原因分析和解决措施

通过对多起DF4B型机车机油压力低的故障现象进行剖析,找出发生故障的原因,并提出了相应的检查步骤和解决措施,取得了较好的效果。     

缬草多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺研究

研究了超声波辅助提取缬草多糖的最佳工艺。以蒸馏水为浸提剂,缬草根为原料,采用单因素和正交实验进行研究,得到了提取缬草多糖的最佳工艺条件:提取时间为45 min、料液比为1∶25(g/m L)、提取温度60℃,此条件下的提取率为13.56%。与常规浸提法比较,超声波辅助提取法具有时间短、节省材料、提取率高等特点。     

Method for evaluating the reliability of compressor impeller of turbocharger for vehicle application in plateau area

As turbocharging diesel engines for vehicle application are applied in plateau area, the environmental adaptability of engines has drawn more attention. For the environmental adaptability problem of turbocharging diesel engines for vehicle application, the present studies almost focus on the optimization of performance match between turbocharger and engine, and the reliability problem of turbocharger is almost ignored. The reliability problem of compressor impeller of turbocharger for vehicle application when diesel engines operate in plateau area is studied. Firstly, the rule that the rotational speed of turbocharger changes with the altitude height is presented, and the potential failure modes of compressor impeller are analyzed. Then, the failure behavior models of compressor impeller are built, and the reliability models of compressor impeller operating in plateau area are developed. Finally, the rule that the reliability of compressor impeller changes with the altitude height is studied, the measurements for improving the reliability of the compressor impellers of turbocharger operating in plateau area are given. The results indicate that when the operating speed of diesel engine is certain, the rotational speed of turbocharger increases with the increase of altitude height, and the failure risk of compressor impeller with the failure modes of hub fatigue and blade resonance increases. The reliability of compressor impeller decreases with the increase of altitude height, and it also decreases as the increase of number of the mission profile cycle of engine. The method proposed can not only be used to evaluating the reliability of compressor impeller when diesel engines operate in plateau area but also be applied to direct the structural optimization of compressor impeller.     

低速双燃料柴油机奥托循环下的增压器配机

基于奥托循环的燃烧特点与需求,从柴油机空燃比和增压器特性两方面对低速双燃料柴油机奥托循环下的增压器配机进行分析。柴油机100%负荷处的压比流量应处于增压器的压力流量特性图的中心位置,在高负荷区域预估的增压器效率、扫气压力、扫气量尽可能稍大于设计要求,尽可能采用最小喷嘴环设计,增压器压气机工作线应处于高效区域。在此基础上对X92DF柴油机开展配机策划和试验验证。试验结果表明：该柴油机各项性能满足设计要求,增压器达到预期效果。     

花生壳黄酮微波碱法提取工艺研究

采用微波碱提法,酸性条件下沉淀,并用乙醇重新溶解,从花生壳中提取活性抗氧化活性成分黄酮。用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法测定提取物总黄酮的纯度,以高效液相色谱法测定木犀草素的含量。最佳提取条件为:提取2次,每次提取7.5min,料液比1∶20,氢氧化钠浓度0.1mol/L。最佳条件下总黄酮提取率为3440mg/kg,木犀草素含量为7.28%。     

SAGD采出水净水剂的研究

针对辽河油田超稠油SAGD采出水含油量高的特点,以多元醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和乙二胺为原料,合成了一种适用于处理超稠油SAGD采出水的净水剂GBEDE-08;并考察了药剂加量、沉降时间和水温对GBEDE-08除油效果的影响.实验结果表明:GBEDE-08不仅除油性能良好,而且除油速度快;在水温90℃、沉降时间90 min和投加质量浓度为300 mg/L的条件下,可将采出水含油质量浓度从62 517 mg/L降低到145 mg/L,除油率达到99%以上,是一种高效的净水剂.     

颅颌面种植外科计算机辅助规划系统的设计

为满足颅颌面种植外科手术术前诊断和规划的需要,开发了一种基于CT图像的颅颌面种植外科计算机辅助规划系统,提出了其系统框架结构,阐述了设计中使用的螺旋CT技术数字图像算法,并根据各种功能需求,逐一进行设计和实现.实验和临床应用证明,该系统可以很好地应用于颅颌面外科种植手术规划,大大提高颅面外科手术规划的准确度.