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21.
22.
The effect of the platinum particle size was investigated for the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of aqueous ethanol to ethanal at a temperature of 303 K, an ethanol concentration of 260 mol m–3, a partial oxygen pressure 60 kPa, a pH of 9, and an ethanal and ethanoate concentration of 20 mol m–3. A particle size effect on the turnover frequency was observed but only for particle sizes smaller than 2 nm. Hence, the reaction shows a limited structure sensitivity. 相似文献
23.
Vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol with Ni/C and Ni-Zn/C catalyst was investigatedunder atmospheric pressure.Ni-Zn/C was found to have a significantly higher activity andselectivity than Ni/C.Effects of Zn and Ni loading on ethanol conversion and productdistributions were also investigated,and the sequence of metal loading was compared.The cata-lyst was characterized by XRD(X-ray diffraction)and SEM-EDS.The spectra of XRDdemonstrated that the catalyst structure was changed from crystalline to non-crystalline in theprocess of carbonylation.Stable iodide compound was formed due to the interaction betweenC_2H_5I and active metals.The authors believe that the active phase of carbonylation might havebeen non-crystalline. 相似文献
24.
Bioconversion of sludge from the primary clarifier of a sulphite pulping operation to ethanol offers a number of advantages over conventional disposal options. The amount of material which must be disposed of is reduced while, at the same time, salable and environmentally friendly fuel-ethanol is produced. In this study, primary clarifier sludge (PCS) was shown to be hydrolysed to produce fermentable sugars at a rate proportional to enzyme loading. Initial (1 hour) hydrolysis rates as high as 12.6 g reducing sugar/L · h were observed at an initial enzyme loading of 10 filter paper units (FPU)/g. Hydrolysis was inhibited by spent sulphite liquor (SSL), an inhibition which could be completely overcome by fermenting the SSL to remove sugars. Surfactants were found to only marginally improve the production of sugars. To reduce the deleterious effects of end product inhibition, single stage simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) was carried out using cellulase enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 相似文献
25.
The aluminated sepiolite, obtained by alkaline treatment with KAlO2, as well as the silver-exchanged aluminated sepiolite were tested in ethanol conversion. The reactions were performed at 280°C and with 50 Torr of ethanol in He. After the alumination through KA1O2, ethanol dehydrogenation and ethanol dehydration resulted from the Lewis acidity. The dispersion of silver led to a bifunctional catalytic system and the overall catalytic activity and the selectivity towards the acetaldehyde production increased. As a result of the Prins reaction, a significant yield in butadiene was observed. 相似文献
26.
27.
Ronny Purwadi Tomas Brandberg Mohammad J. Taherzadeh 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(9):920-932
The cultivation of toxic lignocellulosic hydrolyzates has become a challenging research topic in recent decades. Although several cultivation methods have been proposed, numerous questions have arisen regarding their industrial applications. The current work deals with a solution to this problem which has a good potential application on an industrial scale. A toxic dilute-acid hydrolyzate was continuously cultivated using a high-cell-density flocculating yeast in a single and serial bioreactor which was equipped with a settler to recycle the cells back to the bioreactors. No prior detoxification was necessary to cultivate the hydrolyzates, as the flocks were able to detoxify it in situ. The experiments were successfully carried out at dilution rates up to 0.52 h−1. The cell concentration inside the bioreactors was between 23 and 35 g-DW/L, while the concentration in the effluent of the settlers was 0.32 ± 0.05 g-DW/L. An ethanol yield of 0.42–0.46 g/g-consumed sugar was achieved, and the residual sugar concentration was less than 6% of the initial fermentable sugar (glucose, galactose and mannose) of 35.2 g/L. 相似文献
28.
测定了兰州大气压下溶有不同浓度氯化钙的乙醇-苯体系的汽液平衡数据,以Furter拟二元体系模型处理溶盐三元体系,用Van Laar方程对数据进行了关联,得到较好的结果。 相似文献
29.
Ethanol vapor deactivation of gossypol in cottonseed meal 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
R. J. Hron Sr. P. J. Wan M. S. Kuk 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(10):1337-1339
Most cottonseed cultivars contain gossypol, a polyphenolic antinutritional compound. “Free” gossypol is a physiologically
active form of gossypol, which is toxic to young- and nonruminant animals. To utilize solvent-extracted cottonseed meal as
a general feed, gossypol must be either removed or deactivated to a minimum level specified for each class of animal. Normally,
deactivation is carried out prior to oil extraction; however, the desired level of deactivation is not always attained. A
new supplemental method of deactivation has been found by using either ethanol or isopropanol vapors on solventextracted meal.
In a bench-top set-up, ethanol vapor reduced free gossypol from 0.115 to 0.053%, and a further reduction to 0.026% has been
observed with the addition of ferrous sulfate. The supplemental deactivation method can, in most cases, reduce free gossypol
to significantly safer levels for feeding, thus increasing utility, and possibly demand, for cottonseed meal as a general
animal feed protein source.
Presented in part at the AOCS Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, May 8–12, 1994. 相似文献
30.
J.L. Rodríguez E. Pastor C.F. Zinola V.M. Schmidt 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2006,36(11):1271-1279
The influence of hydrogen peroxide on the adsorption and oxidation of carbon monoxide, methanol and ethanol adlayers on porous Pt electrodes were studied in 2 M sulphuric acid solution by means of cyclic voltammetry and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). The oxidation of adsorbed species is observed at electrode potentials far less negative than those required for electrochemical adsorbate oxidation. The oxidation by H2O2 is dependent on its concentration in solution, as well as on the adsorbates and their coverages. In all cases the isolated adlayers are oxidised by dissolved H2O2. However, the presence of H2O2 during adsorption partially inhibits adlayer formation from CH3OH and C2H5OH, but avoids almost completely the adsorption of carbon monoxide. The removal of the residues from the surface by dissolved hydrogen peroxide probably occurs through Oad species formed during the heterogeneous decomposition reaction of H2O2 on Pt. 相似文献