Designing river commissions to implement treaties and manage water disputes: the story of the Joint Water Committee and Permanent Indus Commission

States have signed hundreds of treaties and protocols over their shared rivers. Many of these agreements established commissions to implement the accords and maintain cooperation. Consistent with this expectation, the Israeli–Jordanian Peace Treaty established the Joint Water Committee (JWC). Through a comparison of the JWC with the Permanent Indus Commission, established to manage the Indus River between India and Pakistan, the paper argues that the JWC has been only somewhat effective. To account for the source of effectiveness it is necessary to consider the capabilities vested in commissions. Commissioners can fulfil their tasks when they communicate directly, hold regular meetings, monitor the river's development and possess conflict resolution mechanism.     

都江堰拉法基矿山胶带输送系统的设计和调试

矿山和生产工厂之间的物料输送经常受到各种地形条件的制约，特别是长距离的物料输送方式的选择，直接与技术可靠性、投资、成本等相联系。合理选择物料的运输方式，为工厂的生产管理和成本管理创造了有利条件。     

欧洲联盟早期的司法与内务合作及其动因分析

《马斯特里赫特条约》生效后,欧洲一体化从原来的以经济合作为主发展到政治领域,形成了欧共体、共同外交与安全和司法与内务三根支柱支撑的欧洲联盟大厦．司法与内务合作起步非常晚,但很快就成为欧盟决策的三大核心领域之一．司法与内务合作是一体化目标的要求,也是欧洲一体化进程的内在要求,是欧洲安全形势变化的外在要求,也是取消内部边界控制后保障欧盟安全的必要补偿措施．     

美国消费者隐私保护政策

本文介绍了美国联邦贸易委员会来源、职责及争议处理程序;分析了美国联邦贸易委员会在消费者隐私保护方面起到的作用,包括对谷歌跟踪用户上网案以及Facebook未经用户同意擅自在社交平台上公开用户个人隐私的处罚;介绍了在美国联邦贸易委员会推动下出台的《儿童网上隐私保护法》和《消费者隐私权法案》的主要内容;提出对我国的借鉴作用。     

Data-sharing bottlenecks in transboundary integrated water resources management: a case study of the Mekong River Commission’s procedures for data sharing in the Thai context

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) relies on co-ordination, co-operation and sharing of collected data amongst relevant organizations. This article presents the results of systematic research into non-technical barriers that influence IWRM-related data sharing in transboundary contexts, with a focus on the Mekong River Commission’s procedures for data sharing in Thailand. The current extent of data sharing is quite limited. The main bottlenecks hindering relevant Thai organizations’ sharing data across national boundaries appear to be a perception of limited gains, and concerns for national security. The article concludes that data sharing for IWRM implementation cannot be radically improved without significant changes in the mindsets of the relevant organizations, and suggests how to achieve this.     

欧洲标准版权政策研究

本文详细介绍了欧洲三大标准化组织的标准版权政策，并首次系统性地阐释了欧洲标准化组织的撰稿使用权转让政策以及第三国转化和使用欧洲标准的政策，旨在为系统构建我国的标准版权保护体系、合规使用和转化欧洲标准提供理论指导。     

Biopower from direct firing of crop and forestry residues in China: A review of developments and investment outlook

This paper reviews developments in the direct-fired biomass power sector and provides an up to date investment outlook by calculating the Net Present Value of new investments, and the appropriate level of Feed-in-Tariff needed to stimulate future investment. An overview is provided of support policies, historical growth in installations, and main market players. A number of data sources is combined to build a database with detailed information of individual biopower projects. This data is used to describe technological and market trends, which are used in a cash flow model to calculate the NPV of a typical project. The NPV for new projects is estimated to be negative, and investment should be expected to stall without proper policy intervention. Increasing fuel prices, local competition over biomass fuel resources, lower than expected operational performance and a downturn in carbon markets have deteriorated the investment outlook. In order to ensure reasonable profitability, the Feed-In-Tariff should be increased, from the current level of 90.9 € MWh⁻¹, to between 97 and 105 € MWh⁻¹. Where possible, government organizations should help organize demand for the supply of heat. Local rural energy bureaus may help organize supply networks for biomass fuels throughout the country, in order to reduce seasonal and local fuel scarcity and price fluctuations.     

Resource and revenue potential of California residential load participation in ancillary services

Increasing penetrations of intermittent renewable energy resources will require additional power system services. California recently adopted an energy storage mandate to support its renewable portfolio standard, which requires 33% of delivered energy from renewables by 2020. The objective of this paper is to estimate the amount of energy storage that could be provided by residential thermostatically controlled loads, such as refrigerators and air conditioners, and the amount of revenue that could be earned by loads participating in ancillary services markets. We model load aggregations as virtual energy storage, and use simple dynamical system models and publicly available data to generate our resource and revenue estimates. We find that the resource potential is large: 10–40 GW/8–12 GWh, which is significantly more than that required by the mandate. We also find that regulation and spinning/non-spinning reserve revenues vary significantly depending upon type of load and, for heat pumps and air conditioners, climate zone. For example, mean regulation revenues for refrigerators are $11/year, for electric water heaters are $24/year, for air conditioners are $0-32/year, and for heat pumps are $22–56/year. Both consumer choices, such as appliance settings, and policy, such as the design of ancillary service compensation and appliance standards, could increase revenue potentials.     

浅析建国前政府机构演变对中国文物保护事业的推动 #

中国在历史上承担重要建筑修缮的工部虽然历史悠久,但在儒家思想和封建体制之下并未衍生出现代文物保护理论和实践。本文围绕清末西学和政治更迭中所衍生的相关机构设置和法律建设,探索国内早期政府层面主导的文物古迹保护事业发展进程。     

欧洲标准化与科研的“集成方法”研究

欧盟层面和欧洲标准组织层面非常重视加强标准化与科研活动的联系,发起了一系列互动对话与行动,取得了阶段性的成果。本文将着重分析欧洲标准组织促进标准化与科研结合的"集成方法"及相关指南,为我国相关管理部门研究制定推动标准化与科研活动结合的机制和措施提供参考。