水电站尾水河道疏浚开挖的研究

通过对某水电站尾水河道疏挖水力学计算和水下开挖方案的研究,提出了水电站尾水疏挖的推荐方案和施工方法。通过尾水疏挖后,电站可增发电量0.8亿kWh,经济效益十分显著。尾水疏挖是充分开发利用河段水力资源、水电站增发电量的有效途径,在工程实践中应加以推广应用。     

桩周土开挖条件下桩基础承载特性数值分析

运用桩基础支撑上部既有建筑物地下增层的过程中,随着桩周土减少和桩基础的暴露,桩的承载特性会出现明显变化.文章运用ANSYS有限元程序分析了桩周土开挖前、后以及不同开挖深度等工况下,桩基础承载特性的变化规律.结果表明：随着桩周土开挖深度增大,被开挖段的桩身侧阻力消失,需要增加未开挖部分桩身侧阻力、桩端阻力来增强桩身轴力.同时,也需增大桩基沉降量和桩土间的滑移量.     

高速公路扩建工程路基拼宽动态设计

京台高速公路K1040＋000~1047＋400段于2010年底开工扩建。在某高速公路扩建工程中,老路填土的受压沉降已基本完成,为控制拼宽部分路基的变形沉降,确保行车的舒适性,通过分析计算和有限元模拟,对开挖台阶的尺寸进行了优化设计。设计中采取了提高压实度、清坡、削坡、挖台阶、设置土工织物等措施,保证了拼宽路堤的质量。     

Deformation control of asymmetric floor heave in a deep rock roadway: A case study

In order to control asymmetric floor heave in deep rock roadways and deformation around the surrounding rock mass after excavation, in this paper we discuss the failure mechanism and coupling control countermeasures using the finite difference method (FLAC^3D) combined with comparative analysis and typical engineering application at Xingcun coal mine. It is indicated by the analysis that the simple symmetric support systems used in the past led to destruction of the deep rock roadway from the key zone and resulted in the deformation of asymmetric floor heave in the roadway. Suitable reinforced support countermeasures are proposed to reduce the deformation of the floor heave and the potential risk during mining. The application shows that the present support technology can be used to better environmental conditions. The countermeasures of asymmetric coupling support can not only effectively reduce the discrepancy deformation at the key area of the surrounding rock mass, but also effectively control floor heave, which helps realize the integration of support and maintain the stability of the deep rock roadways at Xingcun coal mine.     

Propagation law of shock waves and gas flow in cross roadway caused by coal and gas outburst

In order to study the propagation law of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst, we analyzed the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow and established the numerical simulation models of the roadways with 45° intersection and 135° intersection to simulate the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, we obtained the qualitative and quantitative conclusions on the characteristics and patterns of propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow. With the experimental models, we investigated the outburst shock waves and gas flow in the roadways with the similar structures to the simulated ones. According to the simulation results, when the angle between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway increased, the sudden pressure variation range in adjacent roadway and the influencing scope of gas flow increased and the sudden pressure variation duration decreased. The intersection between the driving roadway and the adjacent roadway has no effect on airflow reversal induced by the shock waves and gas flow.     

Deformation effect of lateral roof roadway in close coal seams after repeated mining

This paper analyzed the deformation mechanism in lateral roof roadway of the Ding Wu-3 roadway which was disturbed by repeated mining of close coal seams Wu-8 and Wu-10 in Pingdingshan No. 1 Mine. To determine the strata disturbance scope, the strata displacement angle was used to calculate the protection pillar width. A numerical model was built considering the field geological conditions. In simulation, the mining stress borderline was defined as the contour where the induced stress is 1.5 times of the original stress. Simulation results show the mining stress borderline of the lateral roadway extended 91.7 m outward after repeated mining. Then the original stress increased, deforming the roadway of interest. This deformation agreed with the in situ observations. Moreover, the strata displacement angle changed due to repeated mining. Therefore, reselection of the displacement angle was required to design the protective pillar width. Since a constant strata displacement angle was used in traditional design, the proposed method was beneficial in field cases.     

基坑开敞式降水引起的地面沉降分析

以实证工程为背景,根据现场实测水位、地面沉降,研究基坑开敞式降水与邻近地面沉降的关系。验证了基于二维稳定流理论的降水曲线公式,并在其基础上采用分层总和法确定降水引起的地面沉降。认为郑州东区黄河泛滥沉积工程地质单元上降水沉降计算的修正系数可取0.25～0.35。     

基坑开挖对邻近既有下卧隧道的影响分析

运用ABAQUS有限元软件,对下卧地铁上、下行线隧道顶、侧、底面的水平和竖向位移进行了三维数值模拟计算和对比分析,结果表明：基坑开挖对邻近既有下卧隧道的变形影响明显,位于基坑中部位置以下的隧道竖向位移相对较大,靠近基坑边缘位置的隧道水平位移相对较大;同一隧道顶部位置的竖向位移大于侧面和底部的位移,隧道侧面的水平位移大于顶、底部的位移;受基坑开挖卸荷的影响,隧道的自身变形表现为竖向直径增大,水平向直径减小。对位于既有隧道上方的基坑开挖要引起关注。     

隧道开挖过程中软弱围岩的爆破技术研究

根据软弱围岩具有岩体较破碎、节理较发育、层面粘结力弱等特点,本文通过分析隧道掘进过程中爆破作用对软弱围岩的扰动影响、爆破后对洞室造成的超欠挖以及洞室成型后自然拱的变形甚至掉块、塌顶,得出了软弱围岩在爆破后稳定性差及变形不规律的特征。并在严格控制钻孔精度、周边孔线装药密度、周边炮眼间距布置、装药结构四个主要因素的情况下,进行了大量的实验和洞室成型后连续的监控量测并对这四个主要影响因素的爆破参数进行了优化,得出了软弱围岩的爆破方法。     

高速公路隧道洞身开挖方案浅析

以蒲掌隧道为依托工程,介绍了高速公路隧道洞身开挖的施工方案,光面爆破的炮眼布置、炸药用量、炮眼数量及其它施工工艺参数的确定,并根据依托工程的实施效果总结出洞身开挖的注意事项.