催化氯化法合成氯化石蜡-52的研究

简要介绍了催化氯化反应机理,并以液体石蜡和氯气为原料,选用内设盘管冷却玻璃塔式氯化反应器,在高活性催化剂作用下,催化氯化反应合成了氯化石蜡-52产品。考察了氯化反应器、预热温度、氯气流速、反应温度及反应时间对氯气转化率的影响。结果表明,在预热温度50-55℃、氯气流速500—700mL／min、反应温度90～100℃及反应时间90—110min条件下,氯气转化率达95％-97％。将催化氯化法与热氯化法进行技术经济比较,结果表明,催化氯化法反应时间比热氯化法大大缩短,原料消耗和能耗都低于热氯化法,投资成本和生产成本分别是热氯化法的70％和75％左右。     

基于太阳能供热的石墨烯/石蜡复合相变材料蓄放热特性实验研究

由于太阳能间歇性和不稳定性的缺点,给其在供热方面的应用带来了局限,采用相变储能法可改善太阳能供热应用的缺点。对此以石蜡为基液,向其中添加石墨烯通过"两步法"制备出石墨烯质量分数分别为0.1%、0.3%和0.5%的复合相变材料,搭建复合相变材料蓄放热实验台并记录数据。结果表明:在相同的实验条件下,石墨烯/石蜡复合相变材料随着石墨烯质量分数的增加,熔化速率也随之增加,在添加量为0.5%时增加了14.15%;凝固速率也随石墨烯质量分数的增加而增加,但效果不如熔化速率明显;复合相变材料在圆管外的蓄放热过程中,位于圆管底部的材料熔化与凝固效果均不理想。     

分子筛吸附法测定石蜡中正异构烃

采用两步分子筛吸附的方法测定石蜡的正异构烃类含量，所用仪器简单，操作简便，数据重复性好，相对标准偏差小于±１％，与气相色谱法的结果对比较好，并进行了实际蜡样的测定，证明本方法实用性较强，具有推广价值。     

改性不饱和聚脂先期防砂工艺技术在临盘油田的应用

介绍了一种应用于油气田油水井先期防砂的新型化学溶液防砂技术。简要分析了其固砂机理和工艺过程。室内试验和临盘油田102井次现场应用表明,该防砂技术安全可靠,施工成功率100％,现场施工简便易行且有效期长,经济效益和社会效益显著,值得推广应用。     

可膨胀石墨用作抗红外/毫米波双模发烟剂的研究

为了获取一种性能较佳的毫米波发烟剂材料,就JF-150可膨胀石墨对3mm和8mm波的衰减性能进行了实验研究,在此基础上,以JF-150可膨胀石墨作为重要组分设计了一种抗红外/毫米波发烟剂配方,采用红外热像仪及毫米波辐射计测试了该发烟剂形成的烟幕对3mm和8mm波的衰减特性。结果表明,可膨胀石墨对3mm和8mm波单程最大衰减分别为17.0dB、16.6dB,优于铝箔条衰减效果;60g可膨胀石墨发烟剂对3mm和8mm波单程最大衰减值均大于10dB,干扰时间约为20s。可膨胀石墨是一种用于制造抗红外/毫米波双模发烟剂的良好材料。     

Fabrication of superparamagnetic adsorbent based on layered double hydroxide as effective nanoadsorbent for removal of Sb (III) from water samples

In this study, the superparamagnetic adsorbent as Fe@Mg‐Al LDH was synthesised by different methods with two steps for the removal of heavy metal ions from water samples. An easy, practical, economical, and replicable method was introduced to remove water contaminants, including heavy ions from aquatic environments. Moreover, the structure of superparamagnetic adsorbent was investigated by various methods including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. For better separation, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ligand was used, forming a complex with antimony ions to create suitable conditions for the removal of these ions. Cadmium and antimony ions were studied by floatation in aqueous environments with this superparamagnetic adsorbent owing to effective factors such as pH, amount of superparamagnetic adsorbent, contact time, sample temperature, volume, and ligand concentration. The model of Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherms was studied to qualitatively evaluate the adsorption of antimony ions by the superparamagnetic adsorbent. The value of loaded antimony metal ions with Fe@Mg‐Al LDH was resulted at 160.15 mg/g. The standard deviation value in this procedure was found at 7.92%. The desorption volume of antimony metal ions by the adsorbent was found to be 25 ml. The thermodynamic parameters as well as the effect of interfering ions were investigated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.     

近5年问世的聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料的阻燃性

综述了近5年问世的无机纳米填料包括碳纳米管(CNT)、层状氧化石墨(LGO)、层状双氢氧化合物(LDH)、多面低聚硅倍半氧烷(PO SS)及纳米碳纤维(CNF)等的复合材料研究进展,重点在于这些材料阻燃性能的特点及与聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料(PLSN)的比较,并给予实例阐明。     

新型聚丙烯酰胺/碳纤维/石墨导电水凝胶的制备

以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,丙烯酰胺为单体,碳纤维与石墨为导电填料,采用水溶液聚合法制备了聚丙烯酰胺/碳纤维/石墨高吸水性复合材料,吸水后形成导电水凝胶.考察了交联剂用量、引发剂用量、单体浓度、反应温度、吸水倍率及导电填料用量对凝胶电导率的影响.实验结果表明,当交联剂用量为0.06%(质量分数),引发剂用量为1.0%(质量分数),单体浓度为50%(质量分数),反应温度为80℃,导电填料为35%(质量分数)时,水凝胶的电导率最高可达4.32mS/cm.并采用FTIR及SEM对样品结构及形貌进行表征.     

新型抗凝血纳米复合材料的制备及其性能研究

利用溶液插层法合成了新型的硅橡胶/氧化石墨-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-肝素抗凝血纳米复合材料.通过FT-IR、XRD、SEM和机械性能测试了解改性氧化石墨微观纳米结构对材料宏观性能的影响;溶血试验和血小板粘附试验测定表明硅橡胶/改性氧化石墨抗凝血纳米复合材料的血液相容性得到极大的改善;这种新型的、兼具优良血液相容性和良好力学性能的复合材料可望在生物医学工程方面得到应用.     

Properties and microstructure of copper-alloyed solid solution-strengthened ductile iron

Solid solution-strengthened ductile iron (DI) exhibits outstanding mechanical properties due to the high silicon content. The strengthening by silicon addition is limited since additions above 4.3?wt-% lead to embrittlement. For a further improvement of mechanical properties, other alloying elements need to be considered. In the present work, the effect of various copper additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of solid solution-strengthened DI were investigated. The results show that no appreciable strengthening can be achieved by copper addition without the formation of pearlite in the matrix. The pearlite content increases considerably for Cu-additions above 0.23?wt-% and is independent of the cooling rate for the cooling conditions analysed.