低烟阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯的研究

用氢氧化镁（MH）和硼酸锌（ZB）与十溴二苯醚（DBDPO）－氧化锑或包覆红磷共同使用以阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）可使燃烧过程中的发烟量降低40％左右。与十溴二苯醚－氧化锑和包覆红磷体系相比，聚苯醚（PPO）和一种磷酸酯阻燃剂配合作用时HIPS的阻燃、抑烟作用以及对力学性能有较大改善作用。     

超微细改性Al(OH)3填充LDPE/EVA的研究

Al(OH）3是LDPE／EVA主要的阻燃，消烟填充剂。研究了不同粒度，表面处理及填充量的Al(OH）3对LDPE／EVA的氧指数（OI），烟密度等级（SDR）和物理机械性能的影响。     

人眼屈光度校正算法的研究现状

人类能够与用户图像界面进行交互是依赖于一个清晰正常的视觉。然而,屈光不正（例如近视、远视、散光等）能使人眼视网膜中所显示的图像质量退化。图像质量的好坏严重影响了我们在军事、医学、娱乐领域所取得的研究成果。目前,对于人眼屈光度校正算法的研究主要有五种方法：1.应用一个维纳滤波的预补偿算法来校正人眼屈光度;2.用一个全变差的方法绘制图像对人眼屈光度进行校正;3.用视觉分析系统来校正人眼屈光度;4.使用多层显示器来校正视觉畸变;5.使用可计算的光场显示器来校正视觉畸变。通过研究这几种算法的优缺点提出现有算法的改进以及新的算法研究。     

热连轧精轧宽度控制技术的研究及应用

在热轧带钢其他尺寸精度普遍较高的情况下,宽度控制精度的提升变得越来越重要。提出了一种新的精轧带钢宽度控制综合解决方案：针对带钢头部宽度控制,开发精轧机架冲击速降自学习模型,以减少带钢头部拉窄现象;通过合理配置精轧活套张力稳定因子,减少带钢中部宽度波动现象;通过精轧宽度反馈控制和宽展预测模型修正功能,提高带钢全长宽度精度。相关研究成果已成功应用于宝钢集团某热轧产线三电自主集成改造项目中,改造后带钢宽度控制精度得到显著提高。     

Enhancing flame retardant and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 by a grafted multiwall carbon nanotubes

In order to improve the flame retardancy and antistatic properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) at as low amount of additives as possible, an integrated-functional additive was synthesized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results showed 2 wt% of DOPO-MWCNTs distributed in PA6 formed an electric network and decreased volume resistivity sharply to 3.1 × 10⁸ Ω cm. In other words, it helped PA6 to get to the percolation threshold of semiconductor. By using of 3 wt% DOPO-MWCNTs, the severe dripping in burning of PA6 was almost controlled. The possible reason was also ascribed to the network formed by evenly dispersed DOPO-MWCNTs, which strengthened the char structure and held severe dripping of PA6. As a result, the heat and smoke release were also suppressed obviously. The most important is that CO release was about half cut in CONE test.     

High-efficiency ammonium polyphosphate intumescent encapsulated polypropylene flame retardant

The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.     

Effect of particle size on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of hydroxyethyl diphosphate modified aluminum hydroxide intrinsic polyethylene terephthalate

Organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant was obtained by modifying aluminum hydroxide with different particle size with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid. The structure of the organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy, while ¹H-NMR spectroscopy only characterizes specific samples. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion of UL-94 and cone calorimeter. The results show that the modified 10 μm aluminum hydroxide has a better effect than the 25 μm aluminum hydroxide and 100 nm aluminum hydroxide. Compared with pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the LOI value of the best sample is increased by 24.4%, and UL-94 V reaches V-0 level. Heat release rate, total heat release rate, and carbon monoxide production rate decreased by 45.8%, 33.2%, and 41.5%, respectively, compared to pure PET. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide with a particle size of 10 μm exhibited the best flame retardant effect, which could be attributed to the decomposition of organic phosphoric acid and the dehydration of aluminum hydroxide, yielding a higher amount of residual carbon.     

A (4-fluorophenyl)(phenyl)phosphine oxide-modified epoxy resin with improved flame-retardancy,hydrophobicity, and dielectric properties

The compound (4-fluorophenyl)(phenyl) phosphine oxide (4-FPO) was designed, synthesized, and used in the modification of epoxy resin (EP). The 4-FPO-modified EP was prepared by curing the reaction mixture of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4-FPO in the presence of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). Compared with the unmodified EP, the limiting oxygen index value of the EP/4-FPO-0.6 (4-FPO-modified EP with 0.6 wt% of phosphorus) increased to 31.6%, and the sample achieved UL-94 V-0 rating. The peak of the heat release rate, average of the heat release rate, and total heat release of EP/4-FPO-0.6 were reduced by 39, 24, and 19%, respectively. Mechanism study showed that the quenching effect in the gas and barrier effect in the condensed phase were responsible for the enhanced flame-retardant properties of the 4-FPO-modified EP. The results showed that hydrophobicity and dielectric properties of the modified EP were clearly improved.     

Sustainability-guided life-cycle design and assessment for bio-based composite foams: Integrate flame retardancy/lightweight in usage and energy utilization after service

Sustainable development strategy has aroused a great interest in biomass resources as alternative raw materials. A kind of biomass-derived poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), has been developed as porous foams to reduce resource exhaustion and meet lightweight demands. For fire-safety in-service, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to combine flame-retardant elements and heat-barrier function. Hence, a very low loading level of P-containing GO as only 5 wt% could reduce peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PBS-based foams by 58.5% and 22.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, N-/P-doped mesoporous char with a specific surface area of 136 m²/g, which derived from combustion of flame-retardant foaming PBS, contributes to a potential of energy storage applications in the capacitor or the anode of Li-ion battery with long-term stability. Overall, the sustainability of bio-based polyester could integrate lightweight of foaming, and be extended to utilization after use via facile combustion inspired by flame-retardancy design.     

Fabrication of phytic acid embellished kaolinite and its effect on the flame retardancy and thermal stability of ethylene vinyl acetate composites

A modified kaolinite by grafting with phytic acid (PA-g-Kaol) is fabricated, and it was introduced into ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with intumescent flame retardancy (IFR) together to improve the flame retardancy of EVA composites. The results show the limiting oxygen index value of EVA/ (18.0 wt% IFR)/ (2.0 wt% PA-g-Kaol) is 30.8%. Meanwhile, there is only one dripping produced in the vertical burning test. What's more, the flame-retardant mechanism is demonstrated by TG-IR, real-time-IR and GC–MS analysis. The results indicate that some pyrolytic products of IFR and PA-g-Kaol, like ammonia and phosphoric acid, catalyze the crosslinking of EVA and flame retardant, the resultant compact char protects the substrate from further burning.