次磷酸铝与锡酸锌协效阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的研究

利用共沉淀法合成了次磷酸铝（AHP）和羟基锡酸锌（ZHS）,将ZHS在300 ℃条件下用马弗炉煅烧3 h得到无定形的锡酸锌（ZS）。将AHP和ZS协同阻燃聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）,并通过极限氧指数、垂直燃烧测试（UL 94）和微型量热等分析了体系的阻燃性。结果表明,当ZS的含量为1.4 %（质量分数,下同）时,综合极限氧指数和UL 94测试结果,其阻燃效果最好,极限氧指数从纯PBT的21.8 %上升到24.1 %,UL 94等级从纯PBT的滴落严重提高到V-0级,说明AHP与ZS在合适的比例下能显著提高PBT的抗滴落性;当ZS的含量为1.4 %时,样品的热释放速率从纯PBT的561.40 W/g下降到538.57 W/g。     

木粉及聚磷酸铵对PE-HD木塑复合材料阻燃和力学性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)为基体,聚磷酸铵(APP)和木粉(WF)为膨胀型阻燃体系,制备了阻燃木塑复合材料(WPC)。通过极限氧指数、垂直燃烧UL 94、锥形量热分析、热失重分析、红外光谱分析、力学性能等对其进行性能表征。结果表明,与纯PE-HD相比,极限氧指数随着WF含量增加而提高,添加40 %WF时极限氧指数提高到30.5 %,UL 94可达V-0等级,热释放速率峰值和总热释放量降低;APP和WF燃烧过程中发生了化学作用,形成了保护炭层,提高了材料的热稳性,材料的拉伸和弯曲强度得到提高。     

二溴新戊二醇在膨胀型阻燃PE-LLD中的作用

以二溴新戊二醇(DBNPG)作为碳源代替部分季戊四醇(PER), 以PER/DBNPG混合磷酸酯三聚氰胺甲醛树脂(MFR)微胶囊化聚磷酸铵(APP)合成膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR), 用于线形低密度聚乙烯(PE-LLD)阻燃。结果表明,适量的DBNPG可增强IFR与PE-LLD之间的相容性,改善材料的拉伸性能,提高材料熔体黏度,形成封闭的膨胀炭层;但DBNPG过量,IFR的软化温度降低,导致熔体黏度下降,破坏炭层的封闭性,恶化阻燃性能;当PER/DBNPG的质量比为70.0/115.5, 且PE-LLD/IFR的配比为70/30时,复合材料的阻燃性能达到最佳。     

PIR与PUR泡沫塑料性能对比研究

在相同的实验条件下分别制备了硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫(PIR)和普通硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUR),对比研究了PIR和PUR的部分性能指标。利用场发射电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对泡沫的形貌进行了表征和对比;利用热失重分析仪对泡沫的耐温性进行了对比分析,同时研究了PIR和PUR的力学强度和不同阻燃剂添加量对泡沫氧指数的影响。结果表明,PIR与PUR相比,泡沫保持了较高的闭孔结构,PIR的耐温性明显高于PUR,泡沫的力学强度和阻燃性能都得到了较大的提高。     

膨胀石墨(EG)协同新型磷系膨胀阻燃环氧树脂的制备及阻燃性能研究

经六(4-DOPO羟甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(DOPOMPC)和聚磷酸铵(APP)处理环氧树脂(EP)的基础上加入可膨胀石墨(EG),制备新型膨胀阻燃环氧树脂复合材料(DOPOMPC/APP/EG/EP)。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、水平垂直燃烧(UL-94)、锥形量热(CONE)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法,研究了协效剂EG加入对复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,适量EG与DOPOMPC/APP体系有良好的协同阻燃作用,并提高了环氧树脂复合材料力学性能。当DOPOMPC/APP/EG总添加量为22%(DOPOMPC/APP/EG的比例为5/5/1),复合材料LOI值高达38.4%;热释放速率峰值(pk-HRR)、比消光面积(av-SEA)、有效燃烧热平均值(av-EHC)和一氧化碳释放率平均值(av-CO)较纯EP(EP0)分别降低了81.8%,35.5%、29.0%和33.3%;其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度比EP1(10%DOPOMPC/10%APP/EP)体系分别提高了70.5%、1.5倍和2.6倍。     

DOPO衍生物的合成及其在阻燃PBT中的应用

以9,10–二氢–9–氧杂–10–磷杂菲–10–氧化物(DOPO)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MAH)和正丁醇(BA)为原料合成了新型DOPO衍生物2–(6–氧–6H–二苯并[c,e][1,2]氧杂磷菲–6–基)–丁二酸二丁酯(DOPOMB),利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对合成产物的结构进行了表征。将其用作阻燃剂与聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)熔融共混,对共混物的阻燃性、热性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,DOPOMB的加入可以有效提高PBT树脂的阻燃性能,当DOPOMB的质量分数为15%时,共混物的阻燃性即可达到UL–94 V–0级。     

Bi_2O_3在软质PVC制品中的阻燃应用研究

将不同晶型的Bi2O3阻燃剂添加到软质PVC材料中,采用极限氧指数和烟密度评价Bi2O3对软质PVC的阻燃性能,并与常用的氧化锑(Sb2O3)和钼酸铵协同阻燃剂进行阻燃抑烟比较,结果表明:5%的β-Bi2O3阻燃剂添加至软质PVC时氧指数达35.5,烟密度为75%;而6%氧化锑与3%钼酸铵协同添加后软质PVC的氧指数达到35,烟密度为85.5%。SEM和TG/DSC表征Bi2O3在软质PVC中的分散和热分解特性,结果表明:β-Bi2O3的在PVC树脂中分散性优于α-Bi2O3,Bi2O3的加入使PVC前期热释放速率降低,后期分解释放小分子速度和数量均有所降低,增加了成碳率,从而提高PVC的氧指数和降低烟密度。     

Effect of zinc oxide on properties of phenolic foams/halogen‐free flame retardant system

A halogen‐free flame retardant system consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as an acid source, blowing agent, pentaerythritol (PER) as a carbonific agent and zinc oxide (ZnO) as a synergistic agent, was used in this work to enhance flame retardancy of phenolic foams. ZnO was incorporated into flame retardant formulation at different concentrations to investigate the flammability of flame retardant composite phenolic foams (FRCPFs). The synergistic effects of ZnO on FRCPFs were evaluated by limited oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimeter tests, and images of residues. Results showed that the flame retardant significantly increased the LOI of FRCPFs. Compared with PF, heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), production or yield of carbon monoxide (COP or COY) and Oxygen consumption (O₂C) of FRCPFs all remarkably decreased. However specific extinction area (SEA) and total smoke release (TSR) significantly increased, which agreed with the gas‐phase flame retardancy mechanism of the flame retardant system. The results indicated that FRCPFs have excellent fire‐retardant performance and less smoke release. And the bending and compression strength were decreased gradually with the increase of ZnO. The comprehensive properties of FRCPFs were better when the amount of ZnO was 1～1.5%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42730.     

Percolation and catalysis effect of bamboo‐based active carbon on the thermal and flame retardancy properties of ethylene vinyl‐acetate rubber

The effect of percolation and catalysis of bamboo‐based active carbon (BAC) on the thermal degradation and flame retardancy of ethylene vinyl‐acetate rubber (EVM) composites with intumescent flame retardants (IFR) consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and dipentaerythritol (DPER) has been investigated. The vulcanization characteristics were analyzed by a moving die rheometer. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fire behavior tests such as limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL 94), and cone calorimetry were used to evaluate the thermal properties and flame retardancy of EVM composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of residues of EVM composites. The addition of BAC significantly increased the maximum torque (M_H) of EVM composites and EVM matrices. The combination of IFR with BAC can improve the thermal stability of EVM composites. Moreover, BAC can enhance char residue and promote the formation of a network for IFR. The current EVM/37IFR/3BAC composite achieved an LOI of 33.6% and a UL 94 V‐0 rating. The PHRR, total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) for EVM/IFR/BAC were greatly reduced as compared to EVM/40IFR. Also, the mechanical properties of the EVMIFR/BAC composites increased with increasing BAC contents. The physical percolation effect between BAC and EVM before and after thermal degradation, and the chemical catalysis effect between BAC and IFR during thermal degradation are responsible for the improved flame retardancy of EVM composites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42414.     

The flame‐retardant properties and mechanisms of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/hexakis (para‐allyloxyphenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene systems

Para‐allyl ether phenol derivative of cyclophosphazene (PACP) was prepared and used as a filler to modify the flame‐retardant properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by melting‐blending. The mechanism of flame‐retardant was discussed and the influences of flame‐retardant contents to the mechanical properties were studied. The results revealed that the incorporation of only 5 phpp PACP (0.37 wt % phosphorus containing) into PET matrix can distinctly increase the flame retardancy of PET/PACP composition, and it has a little effect on the mechanical properties of PET. The high flame‐retardant performance of PET/PACP composite was attributed to the combination of condensed‐phase flame retardant and gas‐phase flame retardant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42711.