高性能纤维的弯曲疲劳断裂研究

在自制弯曲疲劳装置上 ,对 3种高强对位芳纶及超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维 (Dyneema SK65 )进行双面弯曲疲劳试验。结果表明 ,Twaron 2 0 0 0弯曲疲劳寿命的自然对数与预加应力、弯曲角度呈线性关系 ,Dyneema SK65弯曲疲劳寿命明显长于对位芳纶 ,Twaron 2 0 0 0 ,Kevlar 12 9相近 ,都比Kevlar 2 9略长 ;高强型对位芳纶的弯曲疲劳断裂断口芯层呈现出“毛笔头”或“拔丝形”原纤化分裂形态 ,超高相对分子质量聚乙烯纤维弯曲疲劳断裂断口有明显的脆性折断形态 ,无原纤出现。     

望远镜专用PVC外装饰皮的开发应用

从生产用原材料、配方、生产工艺及影响因素等方面介绍了软质PVC在望远镜用外装饰皮中的应用,并进行了分析、探讨,提出了软质PVC在望远镜用外装饰皮中研制开发的看法与建议。     

Theoretical Models for Binder Burnout

The kinetics of binder burnout, from a ceramic green body, are considered for the case of an "unzipping" binder which decomposes to produce a volatile monomer. The process is considered to fail if the concentration of monomer in the green body exceeds that in equilibrium with vapor at 1 atm (≅10⁵ Pa), when an internal bubble would be expected to form. Steady-state diffusional calculations and computer simulations explore the size and temperature dependence of the process and are in agreement. The model suggests that it is not feasible to burn out a large flat piece greater than about 3 mm thick, without going to very long times of burnout. The kinetics are significantly improved if porosity develops in the piece during the early stages of decomposition, as opposed to the retreat of the binder into the piece on a uniform front.     

FEX-1挠性炸药贮存寿命的预估

采用提高温度加速老化与测定试样力学性能相结合的方法，依据挠性炸药(FEX-1)扯断永久变形随温度和时间的变化规律，预估该炸药在常温下的贮存寿命为11．8年。     

重组人白细胞介素-10在大肠杆菌中的表达及生物学活性分析

目的在大肠杆菌中表达重组人白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10),并检测其生物学活性。方法将IL-10基因重组到质粒pET11c中,转化BL21(DE),提取质粒,经酶切鉴定和测序分析;在25℃用低浓度的IPTG诱导表达,对包涵体IL-10稀释复性;经ELISA检测其含量,MC/9细胞增殖法检测其生物学活性。结果工程菌IL-10/pET11c/BL21诱导表达的目的蛋白以可溶性和包涵体两种形式存在,Westernblot鉴定证实为IL-10蛋白,两种形式的IL-10均具有一定的生物学活性。结论已成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了IL-10,为进一步纯化和制备IL-10的基因工程药物打下了基础。     

50年来辽宁省不同等级舒适日数演变及空间区划分析

根据1964—2015年辽宁省23个气象站点的逐日平均气温、相对湿度及平均风速资料,采用人体舒适度指数法计算人体舒适度指数,在季尺度上分析辽宁省不同等级舒适日数演变情况及典型旅游城市最佳旅游期;运用旋转经验正交函数分解法(REOF),分析人体舒适度指数季尺度空间变化特征,并应用ArcGIS软件进行舒适区域划分。结果表明:①辽宁省多年平均冷不舒适日数呈降低趋势,舒适日数呈增加趋势,热不舒适日数也呈微弱增加趋势;舒适程度夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季;②除冬季外5座典型旅游城市均适宜旅游,夏季为最佳旅游期;其中,沈阳、本溪更适宜春季旅游,大连更适宜秋季旅游。③辽宁省四季舒适度变化情况可大致划分为辽西、辽中、辽东三个区域,具体划分情况随季节有相应变化,总体舒适度由辽宁东部向西部逐渐递减。     

The ageing Australian firefighter: an argument for age-based recruitment and fitness standards for urban fire services

Currently, there is no enforcement of physical standards within Australian fire services post-recruitment, possibly leading to inappropriate fitness and body composition. This study evaluated the impacts of ageing on physical standards of Australian firefighters. Seventy-three firefighters from three different 10-year age groups [25–34 years (n = 27), 35–44 years (n = 27), 45–54 years (n = 19)] volunteered for physical testing using dual-energy X-ray analysis and existing fitness tests used for recruitment by an Australian fire service. Older (45–54 years) participants demonstrated significantly poorer physical standards compared with younger participants including cardiovascular fitness (p < 0.05), strength (p = 0.001) and simulated operational power testing tasks (p < 0.001). Age-related body composition changes were also observed independent of body mass index. Minimum recruitment standards and fitness programs need to account for age-related declines in physical capabilities to ensure that the minimum standard is maintained regardless of age.

Practitioner Summary: Using dual-energy X-ray analysis and established fitness testing protocols, this study aimed to gain an appreciation of the current standards of body composition and fitness of Australian firefighters and the effects of ageing on their physical abilities post-recruitment. The study demonstrated a significant decline in physical standards due to age.     

柔性分离盘抑制圆柱涡激振动的风洞试验

该文利用附属柔性分离盘对圆柱涡激振动(VIV)控制问题进行了风洞试验研究。针对弹性支撑的圆柱及不同长度柔性分离盘的试验模型,在雷诺数7 500-40 000情况下,测定不同约化速度(3.5-18.7)下的振动瞬态位移。结果表明:柔性分离盘长度(L)/圆柱直径(D)比为0.6、0.8和1三种圆柱的横向无因次均方根振幅远小于单圆柱,涡激振动抑制效果很好,均在77.6%以上,其中L=0.8D的圆柱抑制效果最佳,几乎无振动;而L=1.2D和1.5D的圆柱反而出现振动增强,约4.5%和9%。对比单圆柱的共振区,附属柔性分离盘的圆柱共振区在约化速度上更靠后且范围更大。     

蓄水条件下某水电工程坝址区变形体变形 与稳定性研究

库岸边坡在蓄水后的变形和稳定问题一直是水电工程的主要问题, 尤其是坝址区库岸边坡稳定性对水电工程 的正常运营起着至关重要的控制作用。针对黄河上游某水电站库岸一变形体边坡, 在对该变形体边坡基本特征分 析的基础上, 采用数值计算的手段, 对黄河上游某水电站坝址区变形体在自然及蓄水条件下稳定性进行对比分析。 结果表明: 蓄水后变形体边坡的变形具有明显的分区特征, 且坡体的变形受影响较大。同时, 利用强度折减法对变 形体的稳定性系数进行了计算, 变形体的稳定性较好, 考虑到坡体局部稳定性较差, 可能会产生局部失稳破坏, 因 此, 需采取支护措施保证该处坝址区变形体在运营期间的长期稳定性。     

A novel approach for fit analysis of thermal protective clothing using three-dimensional body scanning

The garment fit played an important role in protective performance, comfort and mobility. The purpose of this study is to quantify the air gap to quantitatively characterize a three-dimensional (3-D) garment fit using a 3-D body scanning technique. A method for processing of scanned data was developed to investigate the air gap size and distribution between the clothing and human body. The mesh model formed from nude and clothed body was aligned, superimposed and sectioned using Rapidform software. The air gap size and distribution over the body surface were analyzed. The total air volume was also calculated. The effects of fabric properties and garment size on air gap distribution were explored. The results indicated that average air gap of the fit clothing was around 25–30 mm and the overall air gap distribution was similar. The air gap was unevenly distributed over the body and it was strongly associated with the body parts, fabric properties and garment size. The research will help understand the overall clothing fit and its association with protection, thermal and movement comfort, and provide guidelines for clothing engineers to improve thermal performance and reduce physiological burden.