厌氧/好氧生物流化床耦合处理垃圾渗滤液的新工艺研究

采用厌氧/好氧生物流化床耦合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液。探索了厌氧/好氧的耦合及各种工艺操作条件对垃圾渗滤液生物降解效率的影响,并对其影响机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,经过高效厌氧流化床的处理, 垃圾渗滤液的可生化性可提高49.1%。CODCr/NH4+-N比值对渗滤液好氧生物降解性能有较显著的影响,适宜的CODCr/NH4+-N比值应控制在7.6左右。当进水CODCr及NH4+-N浓度分别为5000mgL-1、280mgL-1左右时,系统出水主要指标达到GB16889-1997一级排放标准。当系统受到短时间(12h左右)超过正常运行负荷约3倍的负荷冲击时,能在4d左右的时间内恢复正常。本研究为垃圾渗滤液的治理提供了新的解决方案。     

伴有生物质热解的流化床中的混沌传递现象

Experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in a fiuidized bed, and dynamic signals of pressure and temperature were recorded. Correlation dimension was employed to characterize the chaotic behavior of pressure and temperature signals. Both pressure and temperature signals exhibit chaotic behavior, and the chaotic behavior of temperature signals is always weaker than that of pressure signals. Chaos transfer theory was advanced to explain the above phenomena. The discussion on the algorithm of the correlation dimension shows that the distance definition based on rhombic neighborhood is a better choice than the traditional one based on spherical neighborhood. The former provides a satisfactory result in a much shorter time.     

High-pressure fluidized bed coating utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide

Various particles with sizes between 100 and 200 μm were encapsulated with waxes commonly used in technical coating applications. For this, a homogeneous mixture of molten paraffin and supercritical carbon dioxide was prepared in an autoclave and injected into the high-pressure fluidized bed through a nozzle from the bottom. Due to the different conditions in the mixing autoclave and the fluidized bed, the paraffin precipitated in the vicinity of the nozzle and adhered to the solid particles. A complete, thin, uniform, and solvent-free coating was produced. The use of two paraffins with different alkane compositions resulted in dissimilar spreads on glass beads due to their different glass transition temperatures. A smaller pressure drop across the nozzle led to more uniform and even coatings. Glass beads, ceramic spheres, potassium chloride, and lactose showed similar coating results, whereas different morphologies were observed with a plastic material, characterized by a rougher surface and a lower surface energy. The high quality of the coating was confirmed by standard dissolution tests with coated potassium chloride crystals and lactose agglomerates.     

Fluidized Bed Air Drying: Experimental Study and Model Development

The presented study describes the processes and mechanisms of batch fluidized bed drying. The influencing factors of hot air drying are theoretically and experimentally examined, in order to present the relations between temperature and humidity profiles and all other drying parameters. A physical model is presented to facilitate the calculation of the drying processes under defined conditions. Three succeeding drying stages are therefore modeled. Mass and energy balances including all components taking part in the process are formulated. The model clarities the drying process under the assumption of pure heat transfer mechanisms. It does not contain adaptive parameters and takes into account an inactive bypass fraction of the fluidization and drying medium. The evaluation of the model was successful for two fluidized bed plants with nominal widths of 100 mm and 400 mm. The experiments showed sufficient accuracy and transferability of the model to equipment of application‐oriented dimensions.     

高温抗蚀耐磨涂料在循环流化床锅炉省煤器上的应用

通过对山东恒通化工热电厂的6#锅炉省煤器泄漏进行原因分析,提出了锅炉省煤器抗蚀防磨技术的改造方案,在方案中采用了某高新技术公司研制、生产的KM系列高温抗蚀耐磨涂料,实施后效果良好,此方案在热电厂锅炉省煤器,尤其是在循环流化床锅炉省煤器抗蚀防磨方面,具有推广意义。     

脲醛树脂乳液干燥成粉末的试验研究

进行了用惰性粒子流化床干燥器将脲醛树脂乳液干燥成粉末的试验研究，产出了品质好的干粉，得出了在试验条件下的干燥强度和热效率，并作了经济性评价。     

Prediction of minimum velocity and minimum bed pressure drop for gas-solid fluidization in conical conduits

Experimental investigations have been carried out for spherical and non-spherical particles using beds comprised of single-sized particles and mixtures in the size and particle density ranges of 439 to 1524 μm and 1303 to 4948 kg/m³, respectively. Five conical fluidizers with varying apex angles of 8.86, 14.77, 19.60, 32.0 and 43.2 degrees were used. Experimental values of minimum velocity and bed pressure drop with air as the fluidizing medium have been compared with their respective values obtained from different models available in the literature. Deviations for each chosen model have been presented.     

不均匀布风的内循环流化床特性研究

开发了一种新型的内旋流流化床气体分布板 ,像传统内循环流化床气体分布板一样 ,该分布板也有两个区域 ,但产生内循环的机理不同 ,其内循环不是由两个区域的不同气体流速产生 ,而是由两个区域的不同气体通量控制 ,中部为低开孔率区 ,运行时呈移动床状态 ,周围为高开孔率区 ,运行时呈流态化状态 ,两种状态共同作用 ,实现物料在床的内部循环     

Liquid Radial Dispersion in Liquid-solid Circulating Fluidized Beds with Viscous Liquid Medium

Liquid dispersion in the radial direction was investigated in the riser of a viscous liquid-solid fluidized bed 0.102 m in diameter and 3.5 m in height. Pressure fluctuations in the riser were also measured and analyzed to examine the behavior of fluidized particles. Effects of liquid velocity (0.15-0.45 m/s), solid circulation rate (2-8 kg/m²s), particle size (1-3 mm), and liquid viscosity (0.96-38 mPas) on pressure fluctuations and the liquid radial dispersion coefficient were determined. The infinite space model was employed to obtain the radial dispersion coefficient from the radial concentration profiles of the tracer. The pressure fluctuations were analyzed by means of autocorrelation coefficient as well as power spectral density function. The dominant frequency obtained from the autocorrelation coefficient or power spectral density function of pressure fluctuations decreases with increasing liquid viscosity or liquid velocity, but it increases with increasing particle size. The liquid radial dispersion coefficient decreases with increasing liquid velocity or viscosity, but it increases as the solid circulation rate or particle size increases. The liquid radial dispersion coefficient is related closely to the resultant behavior of fluidized particles. The radial dispersion coefficient has been well correlated with operating variables in terms of dimensionless groups.     

大颗粒尿素流化床造粒机尿液喷射系统故障分析

对严重影响大颗粒尿素流化床造粒机尿液喷射系统正常运行的多项故障进行了剖析,从生产技术改造及操作管理方面提出了改进和防范措施,结果表明,改进后装置运行周期从不足10天延长到40天。