抗凝冻酸奶的研制

为了改变酸奶货架期短,不易长期保藏,而影响酸奶的销售和发展的现状,采用不同工艺和添加食品抗凝冻剂,降低酸奶的冰点,加工出可以在0℃以下保藏的抗凝冻酸奶,而且不会影响风味、酸度和质地。试验结果表明,抗凝冻酸奶的最佳条件为:加糖量6%,接种量3.0%,发酵时间4.5h,复合抗冻剂加入量0.6%。     

丰水梨自发气调及近冰温贮藏保鲜试验研究

以丰水梨果实为试材,研究(0 ± 0.5)℃条件下自发气调(MAP)结合不同1-MCP 添加量处理以及近冰温贮藏对果实保鲜效果的影响。结果表明：丰水梨不宜裸果贮藏,0.02mm PE 和0.04mm PVC 膜MAP 结合0.5μL/L1-MCP 处理对丰水梨果实起到良好的防褐保鲜效果,丰水梨较耐CO2,能忍耐3.0%～4.0% CO2 而不发生伤害。结果表明：果实硬度与PG 活性在P ≤ 0.05 水平显著负相关,－ 1℃低温贮藏丰水梨150d 左右能维持果实较好的品质和风味,果实在0℃贮藏期为120d 左右。     

食品的低温高压处理技术及其研究进展

文中介绍了低温高压处理技术的基本原理、应用范围和研究进展。在 0～ 6 32 4MPa范围内 ,高压下水的冻结点均较常压下的低 ,并在低于 0℃的温度下形成一个水的不冻结区域。高压还使水的体积收缩、温度升高。低温高压处理技术可应用于食品杀菌和抑酶、高压冻结和高压解冻、低温高压不冻结贮藏。低温高压具有比常温高压更好的杀菌效果 ;高压冻结和高压解冻可缩短食品冻结和解冻的时间、改善冻藏食品的品质 ;低温高压下的不冻结贮藏能更好地保持食品原有的风味和质地     

微滤及冷冻技术在黄酒生产中的应用

微滤技术在去除永久浑浊方面效果较好,冷冻技术在去除冷浑浊方面效果较好,作者采用两种技术相结合的方法,提高黄酒的稳定性,延长黄酒的保质期,取得较好效果.     

In situ localization of beta-glucans in the cell wall of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The chemical composition of the cell wall of Sz. pombe is known as beta-1,3-glucan, beta-1,6-glucan, alpha-1,3-glucan and alpha-galactomannan; however, the three-dimensional interactions of those macromolecules have not yet been clarified. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a three-layered structure: the outer layer is electron-dense, the adjacent layer is less dense, and the third layer bordering the cell membrane is dense. In intact cells of Sz. pombe, the high-resolution scanning electron microscope reveals a surface completely filled with alpha-galactomannan particles. To better understand the organization of the cell wall and to complement our previous studies, we set out to locate the three different types of beta-glucan by immuno-electron microscopy. Our results suggest that the less dense layer of the cell wall contains mainly beta-1,6-branched beta-1,3-glucan. Occasionally a line of gold particles can be seen, labelling fine filaments radiating from the cell membrane to the alpha-galactomannan layer, suggesting that some of the radial filaments contain beta-1,6-branched beta-1,3-glucan. beta-1,6-glucan is preferentially located underneath the alpha-galactomannan layer. Linear beta-1,3-glucan is exclusively located in the primary septum of dividing cells. beta-1,6-glucan only labels the secondary septum and does not co-localize with linear beta-1,3-glucan, while beta-1,6-branched beta-1,3-glucan is present in both septa. Linear beta-1,3-glucan is present from early stages of septum formation and persists until the septum is completely formed; then just before cell division the label disappears. From these results we suggest that linear beta-1,3-glucan is involved in septum formation and perhaps the separation of the two daughter cells. In addition, we frequently found beta-1,6-glucan label on the Golgi apparatus, on small vesicles and underneath the cell membrane. These results give fresh evidence for the hypothesis that beta-1,6-glucan is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi system and exported to the cell membrane.     

Thermal Inactivation of Salmonella spp., Salmonella typhimurium DT104, and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Ground Beef

ABSTRACT: In 19.1% fat ground beef, Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was less heat- resistant at ≥58°C than the Salmonella typhimurium DT104 and Salmonella senftenberg , but at 55°C the D value was similar to DT104 strains and higher than an eight-strain Salmonella cocktail. Inactivation of E. coli 0157:H7 was more temperature-dependent than the cocktail and DT104 strains. E. coli and DT104 strains were more heat-resistant in beef containing 19% fat than 4.8% fat. The cocktail was more thermally stable in stationary as compared to log phase. Freezing of inoculated raw meat decreased heat resistance of the cocktail. The pathogenic strain, growth phase of the organism, state of the meat (fresh or frozen) and meat composition must be considered when designing protocols to verify thermal processes.     

复合护色剂预处理及不同冻融条件对冷冻双孢蘑菇品质的影响

本实验针对冷冻双孢蘑菇在冻融过程中的品质劣变问题,研究了柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸钠等护色剂对双孢蘑菇褐变的影响,进一步分析了不同冷冻温度（－80、－40、－20 ℃）和解冻温度（25、4 ℃）对双孢蘑菇的汁液流失率、质构特征、微观结构、水分含量与分布及过氧化物酶活力等指标的影响。结果表明,复合护色剂配比为3.0 g/L异抗坏血酸钠、1.5 g/L L-半胱氨酸、0.4 g/L抗坏血酸、10 g/L柠檬酸时具有最佳护色效果;－80 ℃冷冻、4 ℃解冻的冻融条件下,双孢蘑菇汁液流失率为1.98%,显著低于其他各处理组;水分含量、质构特征值均高于其他冻融条件处理的双孢蘑菇;因此,－80 ℃冷冻、4 ℃解冻的冻融条件是较合理的冻融处理方式。本研究为冷冻双孢蘑菇产品的开发及冻融技术提供了参考。     

高纯度磷脂酰肌醇的提取工艺研究

以低磷脂酰胆碱(PC)含量大豆粉末磷脂为原料,建立以碱性乙醇为溶剂结合冷冻纯化制备高纯度磷脂酰肌醇(PI)的方法。在单因素实验的基础上利用响应面优化实验确定PI的最佳提取条件为:冷冻时间17 h,冷冻温度-20℃,提取温度40℃,料液比1∶27,98%乙醇与25%氨水体积比100∶4,提取时间40 min,提取次数3次。在最佳条件下,产物PI含量为82.62%,得率为14.29%。     

空间电场-微冻贮藏过程中红虾蛋白质特性的变化

目的 研究空间电场-微冻贮藏过程中红虾蛋白特性的变化。方法 将新鲜红虾置于装有2 kV-50 Hz、3 kV-50 Hz电场装置的冰箱中微冻（-5℃）贮藏,以虾肉pH、挥发性盐基氮含量、肌原纤维蛋白含量、羰基含量、Ca2+-ATPase活性、总巯基含量和溴酚蓝结合量作为品质指标,并对鲜度与蛋白质特性指标进行相关性分析。结果 贮藏25 d时2 kV组、3 kV组和对照组三组虾肉TVB-N分别由6.72 mg/100g上升至23.75 mg/100g,21.98和31.36 mg/100g;蛋白质含量相对于初始值分别减少了37.30%、32.72%和46.89%;羰基含量分别由1.25 nmol/mg prot上升为7.86 nmol/mg prot,7.04 nmol/mg prot和9.24 nmol/mg prot;Ca2+-ATPase活性分别下降了64.10%,50%和69.23%;总巯基含量分别减少了52.40%,48.30%和58.78%;溴酚蓝结合量分别由7.77 μg增加至14.53 μg,13.12 μg和17.03 μg。结论 施加空间电场能够有效维持红虾在微冻贮藏过程中的鲜度品质和蛋白质特性稳定性,其中3 kV电场的保鲜效果更佳。     

Frozen Carrots Texture and Pectic Compotients as Affected by Low-Temperature-Blanching and Quick Freezing

Carrots preheated for 2 hr at 60°C and then cooked became firmer than raw or cooked carrots. After preheating, the amount of high methoxyl pectin decreased, and low methoxyl pectin increased. Firmness of carrots decreased through freezing then thawing, but preheated carrots retained firmer texture than those blanched in boiling water. Quick-freezing resulted in better texture than slow-freezing. Loss in texture was accompanied by release of pectin. Slow-freezing accelerated release of pectin as compared to quick-freezing. Preheated carrots were slower in release of pectin. The degree of esterification of pectin substances in raw carrots decreased during preheating, freezing and thawing. Cell damage in quick frozen carrots was slight. Optimum preheating occurred with 30 min at 60°C or 5 min at 70°C. Preheating and then quick freezing were effective in improving texture of frozen carrots.