用于PEMFC的丙烷自热重整制氢操作条件优化研究

Autothermal reforming （ATR） is one of the leading methods for hydrogen production from hydrocarbons. Liquefied petroleum gas, with propane as the main component, is a promising fuel for on-board hydrogen producing systems in fuel cell vehicles and for domestic fuel cell power generation devices. In this article, propane ATR process is studied and operation conditions are optimized with PRO/Ⅱ from SIMSCI for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application. In the ATR system including water gas shift and preferential oxidation, heat in the hot streams and cold streams is controlled to be in balance. Different operation conditions are studied and drawn in contour plots. The region for ATR reforming with the highest efficiency can thus be identified. One operation point was chosen with the following process parameters： feed temperature for the ATR reactor is 425℃, steam to carbon ratio S/C is 2.08, air stoichiometry is 0.256. Thermal efficiency for the integrated system is calculated to be as high as 84.0 % with 38.27 % H2 and 3.2μl·L^-1 CO in the product gas.     

固体氧化物燃料电池阳极材料研究进展

主要对SOFC阳极材料的最新研究进展进行综述。首先介绍了SOFC对阳极材料的基本要求,而后对目前各种阳极材料在性能方面的优势和不足进行了比较,其中较为详细地介绍了传统的金属陶瓷阳极和新型的钙钛矿型阳极的研究进展情况,最后对阳极材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Recovery of liquid fuel from hydrocarbon-rich microalgae by thermochemical liquefaction

Liquefaction of Botryococcus braunii, a colony-forming microalga, with high moisture content was performed with or without sodium carbonate as a catalyst for conversion into liquid fuel and recovery of hydrocarbons. A greater amount of oil than the content of hydrocarbons in B. braunii (50 wt% db) was obtained, in a yield of 57–64 wt% at 300 °C. The oil was equivalent in quality to petroleum oil. The recovery of hydrocarbons was a maximum (>95%) at 300 °C.     

燃料电池与碳纤维之应用

介绍了以氢气为主要反应物的燃料电池作为替代性能源无污染和高效率的特点,燃料电池的应用领域、电池种类、工作原理和组成元件,以及逢甲大学研发之燃料电池气体扩散层技术。测试结果表明:当Load0.5V时,该自制的新型气体扩散层电流密度可达1026.4～1149.6mA/cm,而商用气体扩散层电流密度为941.6mA/cm;自制气体扩散层功率密度可达600mW/cm,而商用气体扩散层功率密度为511.2mW/cm,均高过商用气体扩散层。     

Al-FeF3复合燃料的制备及应用性能

针对固体推进剂在改进铝粉燃烧性能方面的迫切需要,以铝粉为基材,FeF_3作为添加剂,采用高能球磨法制备Al-FeF_3复合燃料。通过研究粉末配比、球磨参数等对铝基复合燃料组织、结构以及热性能等的影响,优化制备工艺,获得平均粒径为微米级的铝基复合燃料。热重-差示扫描量热联用技术(TG-DSC)表明,Al-FeF_3复合燃料在氧化过程中,可以实现较低温度下(600～1400℃)的快速氧化。端燃75发动机试车表明,使用Al-FeF_3复合燃料全部取代普通球形铝粉后发动机壳体内部无较大铝粉熔融残渣,残渣率从6.151%下降到4.215%。结果表明,Al-FeF_3复合燃料有助于解决Al粉在推进剂中不完全燃烧的问题,在降低燃烧残渣率,减少发动机两相流损失方面有着潜在应用价值。     

夏利2000发动机稀薄燃烧电控系统的研制与应用

研制了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电子控制系统.系统控制单元ECU参考Siemens公司电控系统设计方案,以C167系列单片机作为微处理器,对发动机的控制采用集中控制,可以实现高级轿车发动机ECU所有功能.本电子控制系统主要应用于丰田8A16气门EFI发动机进行稀燃匹配实验.实验结果表明,该系统基本达到了对控制的速度和精度的要求,得到的稀燃节油和降低排放效果十分明显;且系统性能可靠、抗干扰性强、功能完善、操作方便.     

装置参数对FAE云雾状态的影响

本实验研究了壳体材料、比药量和长径比等装置参数对燃料空气炸药（FAE）云雾状态的影响。结果表明：钢质壳体更利于云雾的径向分散；适当的比药量可形成最优化的云雾尺寸和调节云雾内部浓度；长径比不是云雾最终状态的决定因素。     

直接液流燃料电池的制备、活化及性能

采用热压方法制备阳极半膜电极（AHME）用于直接液流氧化还原燃料电池（DLRFC）单体中,研究了热压过程的条件参数对AHME性能的影响。为了使组装后的DLRFC达到最佳性能,采用高温水、恒电流放电以及变电流放电3种方式对其进行活化,研究了恒电流活化过程中活化条件对DLRFC电化学性能的影响。结果表明,最适宜热压条件是120 ℃,以200 kg/cm²的热压压力保压120 s左右。对于DLRFC单体而言,采用放电活化的方式优于高温水活化。恒电流活化方式中的最适宜活化时间、活化温度和活化电流密度分别是3 h、60 ℃和20 mA/cm²。     

Mechanical and electrochemical behavior of novel electrolytes based on partially stabilized zirconia for solid oxide fuel cells

In this study, 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) is investigated as a SOFC electrolyte alternative to 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (8YSZ). The mechanical and electrochemical properties of both materials are compared. The mechanical tests indicate that the thickness of 3YSZ can be reduced to half without sacrificing the strength compared to 8YSZ. By reducing the thickness of 3YSZ from 150 µm to 75 µm, the peak power density is shown to increase by around 80%. The performance is further enhanced by around 22% by designing of novel electrode structure with regular cut-off patterns previously optimized. However, the cell with novel designed 3YSZ electrolyte exhibits 30% lower maximum power density than that of the cell with 150 µm-thick standard 8YSZ electrolyte. Nevertheless, the loss in the performance may be tolerated by decreasing the fabrication cost revealing that 3YSZ electrolyte with cut-off patterns can be employed as SOFC electrolyte alternative to 8YSZ.