轴向冲击下波纹腹板梁的失稳控制和能量吸收

针对Sine波纹腹板梁结构,通过设计其初始振幅缺陷,控制不同波形阶数下波纹梁的失稳模态,引导上下翼板按预期渐进、稳定、可重复的压溃变形模式发展.采用Abaqus/Explicit中的显式动力学方法数值模拟初始振幅缺陷与比吸能(Specific Energy Absorption,SEA)的关系.通过对比低阶、中阶和高阶波形的载荷-位移曲线说明波形阶数对吸能特性和失稳控制的影响.结果表明:对于给定的波形阶数,存在初始振幅缺陷的临界值使Sine波纹腹板梁结构达到预期的临界失稳状态,同时SEA最大;初始振幅缺陷越大,失稳控制越容易,但吸能效果随之降低.     

A型地铁空调系统及客室内流场数值分析

为给目前国内A型地铁车辆的舒适度设计提供理论参考,针对地铁车辆静压风道结构特点,基于k-ε两方程湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,建立包含空调送风风道和客室的三维计算模型.对计算模型的空气流动和传热状况进行CFD数值计算.计算过程综合考虑车体壁面传热和人体散热等多种传热.分析计算结果得到客室内温度场和速度场的分布规律,并对空调通风设计方案进行量化评估.计算结果表明:客室内人体头部区域温度场分布均匀,平均温度为26.6℃,最大温差为6℃;车厢内有较理想的气流组织形式,速度分布范围为0.50~0.79 m/s,而且客室端部和中部区域人体头部周围速度较大.将计算结果与欧洲EN 14750-1标准进行对比分析,认为乘客的舒适性较好.     

蒸汽夹套管设计中需注意的几个问题

在石油、化工生产中 ,蒸汽夹套管作为保温管道类型之一常常在实际生产广泛运用。针对蒸汽夹套管在设计、安装中经常忽视的一些问题 ,分别从不同侧面加以比较分析 ,概括出它们在不同工况下的共同特点。在实际生产中 ,可有效提高管道运行的可靠性 ,降低投资     

柔软热收缩材料的研制

总结了经共混和辐射交联制备柔软耐老化的热收缩材料的研制过程。测得了不同乙丙橡胶含量和不同辐照剂量下的共混物的力学性能和凝胶含量，确定了共混物辐射交联的合适剂量。此外，还测试了ＥＰＤＭ和ＰＥ共混物经辐照后的耐油性能。在此基础上，制得了手感柔软的热收缩管材。     

板式升膜蒸发器在离子膜烧碱中的应用

介绍了升膜蒸发的原理及影响传热量的因素。重点介绍了板式升膜蒸发器在离子膜烧碱蒸发系统中的应用情况及蒸发装置的特点。     

Hybrid systems in seawater desalination—practical design aspects, present status and development perspectives

Ever since seawater desalination has been applied on an industrial scale, and particular in the countries of the Arabian Gulf, the application of desalination processes in dual-purpose facilities—water and power—as a hybrid configuration has been discussed in many feasibility investigations and also planning concepts. It is above all the combination of reverse osmosis with thermal processes that has found increasing interest with the aim of ensuring, as economically as possible, uniform water supplies under the specific, greatly varying load conditions in the Gulf countries. Such design concepts for hybrid configurations encompass straightforward structures with a low degree of coupling between membrane and thermal desalination processes, but range up to very complex configurations with strong interconnections on both the water side and thermally, as well as with several desalination processes connected in series or in parallel. Classical hybrid concepts in which the permeate from an RO desalination component is mixed with distillate from thermal desalination have already been implemented in Saudi Arabian dual-purpose plants, like Jeddah and Yanbu-Medina. Although hybrid systems of greater complexity have been addressed in many design studies and publications, up to now none has been brought to fruition. Coming into consideration asthe design basis for determining the capacity shares of the various desalination processes operated in a hybrid configuration are: arrangement of thermal cycle of the power plant component; water/power ratio of the dual-purpose seawater desalination and power plant; provision of undiminished water production of the desalination plant as electricity generation varies; provision of a specified drinking water quality with regard to composition and salt content; combination of all these aspects. Also gaining in importance are concerns of environmental pollution and sustainable development when selecting seawater desalination and power plant configurations, as well as their optimization when considering desalination and electricity generation as a whole. In the practical design of hybrid membrane and thermal systems, aspects come to light, though, that restrict linking of the two systems and joint utilization of facilities, as conceived in studies and conceptual design investigations. This applies both for common utilization of intakes and the use of heated up cooling water from thermal processes as a feed stream for the RO part of the desalination process. Additionally, requirements of drinking water composition, particularly chloride content, TDS and compliance with a specific residual content of boron, influence specifically the design of the membrane process part and its share in the total desalination capacity. Such practical aspects have greatly influenced the design and configuration of the Fujairah hybrid plant for which, from a total desalination capacity of 100 MIGD (454,600 m³/d), the share of 37.5 MIGD (170,500 m³/d) makes its seawater RO plant the biggest currently being constructed anywhere in the world. From the findings of the engineering of this plant and the idea that, by increasing interconnection between the two processes on the water side, it is possible to advance a hybrid configuration of this type with regard to cost optimization in the membrane installation, but also by joint utilization of the intake equipment, perspectives result for applied research efforts over the near and long terms, for example: long-term behavior of membranes at elevated temperatures; tendency for biofouling in membrane process with common utilization of cooling water and brine; influences of such interconnections on the overall availability of the facility. But also for the operation and maintenance organization of such large facilities, consequences can be foreseen for the future development of hybrid plants, particularly for operation management and organisation of the interplay of the different power plant and desalination systems, monitoring of SWRO membrane replacement and cleaning, as well as controlling water quality.     

CO2/R170混合物作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路制冷剂的性能

针对CO2/R170混合物在复叠式制冷系统低温环路使用的工况，建立了固液平衡和汽液平衡的数学模型，决定了保证混合物在较低温度下不结晶的配比。在一定的配比范围内对混合物进行了循环性能和可燃性分析。研究了混合物配比对循环性能参数和可燃性的影响，以及中间温度在高温环路使用R290、低温环路使用CO2/R170混合物时，复叠式制冷系统整体制冷系数（COP）的变化趋势。研究表明，这种混合物适宜作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路的制冷剂。     

能效优先的用户关联与功率控制协同优化机制

在异构蜂窝网络中,针对系统的能效,提出了一种基于效用函数最大化模型的用户关联与功率控制协同优化方案,该方案表示为非线性混合整数问题。为了求得该问题的最优解,设计了一种迭代算法,首先将原问题转换为带参数的多项式形式的问题,在外层循环利用Dinkelbach方法求得最佳的能效因子,然后在内层循环分别求得最佳的用户关联矩阵和传输功率。最终实验结果表明,用户关联与功率控制协同的优化方案在能效和负载平衡方面比固定功率条件下的用户关联策略的性能更优。     

基于加权的无人机集群组网分簇算法

在无人机集群组网中,节点的高速移动会造成网络拓扑结构更新频繁,使网络管理变得更加复杂。分簇能够增大网络容量,实现空间资源的复用,是优化网络管理的有效手段之一。针对大规模、高速移动的环境进行了研究,提出了一种多参数加权分簇算法。该算法将最大速度相似度分簇算法中的分簇指标引入到加权分簇算法中,并且对链路保持率、节点度差、节点剩余能量进行改进,综合考虑这四种参数,通过加权组合的方式选举具有最大权重的网络节点作为簇头。仿真结果表明,该分簇算法不仅能够减少簇的数量和簇间切换率,提高分簇的稳定性,而且能够延长最小节点生存时间,改善网络的整体续航能力。     

应用WCA微扰理论推算非极性液体比热容的新方法

本文首次将统计热力学的Ｗｅｅｋｓ－Ｃｈａｎｄｌｅｒ－Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ（简称ＷＣＡ）微扰理论应用于非极性液体定容比热容和定压比热容的推算，用一些液体的ｐ－ｖ－Ｔ实验数据拟合了理论中所用ＬＪ势能函数的势能参数，并提出一个通用关联式。本文方法具有通用性，在编制的计算程序中只需输入物质的临界温度、临界比容、偏心因子等就能算出相应的比热容，工程应用十分方便。