核桃花中绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸的提取工艺响应面优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的 探讨干燥核桃花中绿原酸、隐绿原酸和新绿原酸的最佳提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。方法 采用超声波辅助乙醇法提取核桃花中的绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸, 以提取温度、乙醇体积分数、提取时间和料液比为自变量, 以得率的总评归一值(overall desirability, OD)为因变量, 应用响应面对提取工艺进行优化, 并通过体外实验评价了其抗氧化活性。结果 最佳提取工艺为：温度77℃, 乙醇体积分数67%, 提取时间28 min, 料液比1: 23(g/mL)。此时,绿原酸、新绿原酸和隐绿原酸的总提取率最佳, OD值可达0.91, 对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟自由基的半数抑制浓度(Half-maximal Inhibitory concentrations, IC50)值分别为41.63、41.68和34.43 μg/mL。结论 优选出的工艺稳定可行, 且提取液具有较好的体外抗氧化活性, 为核桃花中绿原酸类成分的进一步开发利用提供了理论基础。     

我国有机食品的现状及发展趋势

介绍了有机食品的特点及对人与自然和谐发展的作用,并概述了我国有机食品的发展现状及趋势.     

MicroRNA Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Tumor Biopsies: Potential Therapeutic Targets

This study was carried out to quantitate the expression levels of microRNA-17, -19a, -34a, -155, and -210 (miRs) expressed in nine clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and one chromophobe renal cell carcinoma cell line with and without sarcomatoid differentiation, and in six primary kidney tumors with matching normal kidney tissues. The data in the five non-sarcomatoid ccRCC cell lines—RC2, CAKI-1, 786-0, RCC4, and RCC4/VHL—and in the four ccRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation—RCJ41T1, RCJ41T2, RCJ41M, and UOK-127—indicated that miR-17 and -19a were expressed at lower levels relative to miR-34a, -155, and -210. Compared with RPTEC normal epithelial cells, miR-34a, miR-155, and miR-210 were expressed at higher levels, independent of the sarcomatoid differentiation status and hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIFs) isoform expression. In the one chromophobe renal cell carcinoma cell line, namely, UOK-276 with sarcomatoid differentiation, and expressing tumor suppressor gene TP53, miR-34a, which is a tumor suppressor gene, was expressed at higher levels than miR-210, -155, -17, and -19a. The pilot results generated in six tumor biopsies with matching normal kidney tissues indicated that while the expression of miR-17 and -19a were similar to the normal tissue expression profile, miR-210, -155, -and 34a were expressed at a higher level. To confirm that differences in the expression levels of the five miRs in the six tumor biopsies were statistically significant, the acquisition of a larger sample size is required. Data previously generated in ccRCC cell lines demonstrating that miR-210, miR-155, and HIFs are druggable targets using a defined dose and schedule of selenium-containing molecules support the concept that simultaneous and concurrent downregulation of miR-210, miR-155, and HIFs, which regulate target genes associated with increased tumor angiogenesis and drug resistance, may offer the potential for the development of a novel mechanism-based strategy for the treatment of patients with advanced ccRCC.     

LaO_x(OH)_y supported platinum catalysts for CO oxidation:Deactivation by formation of lanthanum carbonate

Platinum catalyst for CO oxidation has been studied for decades,due to its high activity and good stability.In this work,we prepared three different lantha num oxide or hydroxide supports(LaO_x(OH)_y),and deposited platinum(Pt) with 0.5 at% via an impregnation approach to synthesize Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y catalysts.However,we find that these catalysts perform a poor stability for the CO oxidation reaction.The fresh and used samples were comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques including power X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature-programmed reduction by carbon monoxide(CO-TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),to demonstrate that the oxidized platinum atoms or clusters,without any component of Pt-Pt metallic bond,are highly dispersed on the surface of LaO_x(OH)_y.Furthermore,the as-formed lanthanum carbonate(La₂O₂CO₃) during the exposure to ambient circumstances or in the reaction atmosphere of CO+O₂,severely impair the reactivity of Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y.On the basis of the obtained experimental results,we have drawn a conclusion that the oxidized P_tO_x atoms or PtxOy clusters are the active species for CO oxidation,while the formation of lanthanum carbonate is the origin of deactivation on reactivity.     

综合体内儿童活动场所执行消防规范的问题探讨

近年来,我国城市商业综合体的总数和规模出现了前所未有的增长,各种儿童活动场所在商业综合体内遍地开花,不少商业综合体甚至主打儿童品牌,成为满足儿童游乐、教育、摄影、零售、美食等多种需求的一站式基地。但此类场所的快速发展也带来了极大的火灾风险,相对消防法规和技术标准也出现了一些不适应、难执行的情况。文章对在商业综合体内设置的儿童活动场所执行现行消防法规和技术标准存在的问题及相应的解决措施进行分析,希望可以起到借鉴作用。     

高压直流输电控制保护系统新技术——WIN-TDC

在新一代直流控制保护系统WIN-TDC中,极控、站控和直流保护等核心部分采用了基于64位精简指令集计算机(RISC)、实时操作系统、64位系统总线的工业控制通用平台--SIMATIC-TDC.SIMATIC-TDC的开发环境采用了单一的编程语言,调试软件集成在开发环境中.人机界面采用了通用工控组态软件--WINCC.利用时分复用(TDM)总线技术实现了测量系统的交叉冗余.WIN-TDC已经在澳大利亚的海底电缆直流工程(BASSLINK)中得到了成功的应用.     

Bone Tissue Engineering in Rat Calvarial Defects Using Induced Bone-like Tissue by rhBMPs from Immature Muscular Tissues In Vitro

This study aimed to induce bone-like tissue from immature muscular tissue (IMT) in vitro using commercially available recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2, rhBMP-4, and rhBMP-7, and then implanting this tissue into a calvarial defect in rats to assess healing. IMTs were extracted from 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) fetal rats, placed on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) with 10 ng/μL each of rhBMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, and cultured for two weeks. The specimens were implanted into calvarial defects in 3-week-old SD rats for up to three weeks. Relatively strong radiopacity was observed on micro-CT two weeks after culture, and bone-like tissue, comprising osteoblastic cells and osteoids, was partially observed by H&E staining. Calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen were detected in the extracellular matrix using an electron probe micro analyzer, and X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra of the specimen were found to have typical apatite crystal peaks and spectra, respectively. Furthermore, partial strong radiopacity and ossification were confirmed one week after implantation, and a dominant novel bone was observed after two weeks in the defect site. Thus, rhBMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7 differentiated IMT into bone-like tissue in vitro, and this induced bone-like tissue has ossification potential and promotes the healing of calvarial defects. Our results suggest that IMT is an effective tissue source for bone tissue engineering.     

A Fully-Human Antibody Specifically Targeting a Membrane-Bound Fragment of CADM1 Potentiates the T Cell-Mediated Death of Human Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive form of lung cancer and the leading cause of global cancer-related mortality. Despite the earlier identification of membrane-proximal cleavage of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) in cancers, the role of the membrane-bound fragment of CAMD1 (MF-CADM1) is yet to be clearly identified. In this study, we first isolated MF-CADM1-specific fully human single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) from the human synthetic scFv antibody library using the phage display technology. Following the selected scFv conversion to human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) scFv-Fc antibodies (K103.1–4), multiple characterization studies, including antibody cross-species reactivity, purity, production yield, and binding affinity, were verified. Finally, via intensive in vitro efficacy and toxicity evaluation studies, we identified K103.3 as a lead antibody that potently promotes the death of human SCLC cell lines, including NCI-H69, NCI-H146, and NCI-H187, by activated Jurkat T cells without severe endothelial toxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that antibody-based targeting of MF-CADM1 may be an effective strategy to potentiate T cell-mediated SCLC death, and MF-CADM1 may be a novel potential therapeutic target in SCLC for antibody therapy.     

淡竹叶多酚的提取纯化工艺优化、组分分析及体外抗氧化活性研究

目的 确定淡竹叶多酚提取纯化工艺,分析主要成分及体外抗氧化活性。方法 采用超声辅助提取淡竹叶多酚,通过响应面实验确定最佳提取条件。选取适合淡竹叶多酚纯化的大孔树脂,对纯化工艺参数进行优化。通过高效液相色谱-质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS)鉴定淡竹叶多酚的主要成分,并评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果 淡竹叶多酚的最佳提取工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数60%、超声功率500 W、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、超声时间24 min及超声温度59℃,该条件下淡竹叶多酚提取量为8.01 mg/g。淡竹叶多酚纯化工艺参数为:上样质量浓度6 mg/mL、pH 4、流速2 mL/min、解吸液为70%乙醇、解吸体积90 mL,纯化后的淡竹叶多酚纯度由12.86%提高到76.18%。通过HPLC-MS鉴定出16种酚类成分,且纯化后多酚有较高的抗氧化活性。结论 本研究得到了淡竹叶多酚提取纯化工艺,得到的多酚纯化物有明显的抗氧化活性。     

Next-Generation Grade and Survival Expression Biomarkers of Human Gliomas Based on Algorithmically Reconstructed Molecular Pathways

In gliomas, expression of certain marker genes is strongly associated with survival and tumor type and often exceeds histological assessments. Using a human interactome model, we algorithmically reconstructed 7494 new-type molecular pathways that are centered each on an individual protein. Each single-gene expression and gene-centric pathway activation was tested as a survival and tumor grade biomarker in gliomas and their diagnostic subgroups (IDH mutant or wild type, IDH mutant with 1p/19q co-deletion, MGMT promoter methylated or unmethylated), including the three major molecular subtypes of glioblastoma (proneural, mesenchymal, classical). We used three datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, which in total include 527 glioblastoma and 1097 low grade glioma profiles. We identified 2724 such gene and 2418 pathway survival biomarkers out of total 17,717 genes and 7494 pathways analyzed. We then assessed tumor grade and molecular subtype biomarkers and with the threshold of AUC > 0.7 identified 1322/982 gene biomarkers and 472/537 pathway biomarkers. This suggests roughly two times greater efficacy of the reconstructed pathway approach compared to gene biomarkers. Thus, we conclude that activation levels of algorithmically reconstructed gene-centric pathways are a potent class of new-generation diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gliomas.