A method for evaluating paleo hydrocarbon pools and predicting secondary reservoirs: a case study of the Sangonghe Formation in the Mosuowan area, Junggar Basin

Taking the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the Mosuowan-Mobei area of the Junggar Basin as an example, this paper provides a method that evaluates paleo hydrocarbon pools and predicts secondary reservoirs. Through Quantitative Grain Fluorescence (QGF) experiments, well-tie seismic correlation, and paleo structure analysis, the scale and distribution of paleo hydrocarbon pools in the study area are outlined. Combining current structural features and fault characteristics, the re-migration pathways of paleo oil and gas are depicted. Based on barrier conditions on the oil re-migration pathways and current reservoir distribution, we recognize three types of secondary reservoirs. By analyzing structural evolution and sand body-fault distribution, the major control factors of secondary reservoirs are specified and, consequently, favorable zones for secondary reservoirs are predicted. The results are mainly as follows. (1) In the primary accumulation period in the Cretaceous, paleo hydrocarbon pools were formed in the Sangonghe Formation of the Mosuowan uplift and their size and distribution were extensive and the exploration potential for secondary reservoirs should not be ignored. Besides, paleo reservoirs were also formed in the Mobei uplift, but just small scale. (2) In the adjustment period in the Neogene, traps were reshaped or destroyed and so were the paleo reservoirs, resulting in oil release. The released oil migrated linearly northward along the structural highs of the Mobei uplift and the Qianshao low-relief uplift and then formed secondary reservoirs when it met new traps. In this process, a structural ridge cooperated with sand bodies and faults, applying unobstructed pathways for oil and gas re-migration. (3) The secondary hydrocarbon pools are classified into three types: low-relief anticlinal type, lithologic pinch-out type and fault block type. The distribution of the first type is controlled by a residual low uplift in the north flank of the paleo-anticline. The second type is distributed in the lithologic pinch-out zones on the periphery of the inherited paleo uplift. The third type is controlled by fault zones of which the strikes are perpendicular to the hydrocarbon re-migration pathways. (4) Four favorable zones for secondary reservoirs are predicted: the low-relief structural zone of the north flank of the Mosuowan paleo-anticline, the fault barrier zone on the western flank of the Mobei uplift, the Qianshao low-relief uplift and the north area of the Mobei uplift that parallels the fault zone. The study above effectively supports the exploration of the Qianshao low-relief uplift, with commercial oil discovered in the Qianshao1 well. Besides, the research process in this paper can also be applied to other basins to explore for secondary reservoirs.     

Characteristics of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from asphaltene pyrolysis and the geochemical significance

In order to study the mechanism of gas generation from the asphaltene, the thermal pyrolysis simulation experiment of the asphaltene is carried out by using high temperature and high pressure closed system. During asphaltene pyrolysis, the amount of methane is constantly increased but those of ethane, propane, and butane + pentane are all first increased and then decreased and eventually go to zero with the increase of the experiment temperature. And the dynamic parameters of gaseous hydrocarbon generation can be used to analyze the dynamic procedure of the asphaltene pyrolysis at the geological scale. The experimental results can perfect the theory of the origin of natural gas and provide an evidence for source judgment and resource evaluation of natural gas in marine strata in China.     

The influence of carbonate rock on the processes of oil transformation

The study of the processes of crude oil transformation in carbonate rock was carried out on the “oil – carbonate rock” model systems. For the study, oils of different chemical composition recovered from both terrigenous and carbonate reservoirs, and rock from carbonate reservoir were selected. It was shown that not all oils were subjected the catalytic action of carbonate rock. In oils that have experienced the catalytic action of carbonate rock the content of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased significantly and the content of non-polar resins increased. In carbonate rock, in addition to calcite and aragonite the montmorillonite was detected and it was supposed that the catalytic effect of the carbonate rock was due to this clay mineral. It was found that the oil transformation in the carbonate rock did not require much time and high temperature, and also that the oil recovered from the carbonate reservoir was resistant to the catalytic action of the carbonate rock.     

泌阳凹陷北部斜坡不整合与油气成藏

在对泌阳凹陷北部斜坡地层不整合的成因、结构、类型进行分析的基础上。对地层不整合对油气成藏的意义、油气成藏模式以及不整合面上下岩性配置关系对油气运聚影响等方面进行了深入研究，结合在泌阳凹陷北部斜坡已发现的不整合油藏的特征分析，总结了该区不整合油藏的分布特征及成藏规律，对下步在该区开展不整合油藏勘探具有一定的指导意义。     

台西南盆地中新生界石油地质与油气勘探前景

台西南盆地是南海北部大陆架东区边缘盆地链上的中、新生代含油气盆地之一,与其西边的珠江口盆地相邻,处在中国近海陆架盆地天然气富集区带的有利位置,具有良好油气资源潜力和勘探前景。该盆地由北部凹陷、南部凹陷及中央隆起带等3个构造单元所组成。迄今为止,其勘探及研究程度较低,仅在中央隆起带中部勘探中发现了CFC、CFS及CGF等渐新统砂岩及中生界白垩系裂缝性储集层之含油气构造,且探井及研究亦主要集中于该区,其他区域则勘探及研究均十分薄弱。由于中央隆起带处在盆地中部区域上有利油气运聚的低势区,具有良好的油气运聚成藏条件,故迄今勘探发现的商业性油气均集中于该带,因此处于两凹之隆之中央隆起带应是该区最佳的油气富集区带及远景区,而加大勘探力度、全面解剖中央隆起带、深入研究其油气富集规律,则应是台西南盆地尽快获得油气勘探突破之关键。     

用油气运移痕迹的统计结果确定仓储层厚度--以东营凹陷为例

在对东营凹陷网毯式油气成藏体系结构进行研究的基础上，针对其中、东部的特殊地质情况，对仓储层进行了精细划分。以钻井油气显示和试油数据为依据，研究了仓储层中的油气运移规律，提出了仓储层厚度的界定方法，并指出厚度是影响仓储质量的关键因素，只有在构成仓储层的砂砾岩体达到一定厚度时才能成为有效仓储层。仓储层厚度越大的地方，越有利于油气的运移和聚集成藏。同时在仓储层中显示油气成藏和有油气运移痕迹所要求的砂砾岩体厚度是相近的，而与无油气运移痕迹的砂砾岩体厚度有明显的差别。并且随着埋藏深度的增加，要求作为仓储层的砂砾岩体厚度也随之增大。因此，可以通过计算仓储层厚度来评价仓储层的质量。该方法在实际应用中简便可行，对于评价类似地区的网毯式油气成藏体系仓储层的仓储质量有借鉴作用。     

反转构造的反转程度及其与油气聚集的关系

结合典型反转构造地震剖面，分析了断层型和褶皱型两类反转构造的反转程度，上下皆正断层型和向形褶皱型反转构造的反转程度轻微；上逆下正断层型和透镜形褶皱型反转构造的反转程度中等；上下皆逆断层型和背形褶皱型反转构造的反转程度强烈。分析了反转构造的反转程度与油气聚集的关系，处于轻微反转程度的上下皆正断层型反转和向形褶皱型反转，以及处于强烈反转程度的上下皆逆断层型反转和背形褶皱型反转不利于油气聚集；处于中等反转程度的上逆下正断层型反转和透镜形褶皱型反转类型有利于油气聚集成藏。     

岩石圈深部温度压力条件下褐煤与水的热模拟研究

在压力高达1—3GPa、温度为400—700℃的条件下，在密闭体系中进行了褐煤加水的模拟实验。分析了实验产物中液态烃的变化规律，并讨论了压力、温度及恒温时间对有机质演化的影响。实验结果表明，热模拟液态产物氯仿沥青“A”的有机碳含量为0．91％-2．55％，2GPa条件下其高峰值后移至700℃，说明高压抑制了液态烃的生成，同时压力升高有利于有机质降解产物的环化、聚合和芳构化。在400—600℃条件下，温度升高或恒温时间增长，OEP和Pr／Ph值均减小；而在700℃的恒温条件下，压力增高，OEP和Pr／Ph值均增大。说明有机质的成熟度与温度和加热时间成正相关，而压力增加抑制了有机质的成熟演化。在高压条件下，芳烃演化的主要趋势是甲基化作用，压力升高有利于甲基化反应和甲基重排。     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡—番禺低隆起油气来源及成藏分析

过去一直认为珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡-番禺低隆起油气为文昌组和恩平组烃源岩混合来源。在前人研究基础上做了进一步的研究工作,包括重新大量取样,应用前人在白云凹陷烃源研究中尚未用过的分析技术(如热解吸附烃分析方法、异构烷烃GC/MS技术、单体烃同位素分析技术等)分析样品,根据新资料进行综合分析等。综合研究认为:番禺低隆起油气主要源自恩平组烃源岩,没有文昌组中深湖相烃源岩的贡献;研究区没有发现文昌组油气是由于文昌组烃源岩主要生烃期与白云凹陷北坡-番禺低隆起圈闭形成期、油气成藏期匹配不好所致;白云凹陷北部生气南部生油,白云主洼南部以及白云凹陷南部地区是文昌组油气的有利聚集区,应是下一步勘探方向。     

济阳断陷盆地油气运移优势方向研究

济阳断陷盆地不同区带油气运移的控制因素、输导体系和运聚方向各异。洼陷带深部,油气沿“应压双控”作用产生的裂缝系统———隐蔽输导体系侧向或向上充注于泥岩裂缝圈闭或砂岩透镜体,油气运移的优势方向与成藏期北东向最大水平主应力方向一致;洼陷带上部或两侧,油气通过断裂型输导体系向上运移,平面上亦平行于北东向断裂运移;陡坡带和缓坡带,油气输导体系主要为断裂-砂体复合型,油气运移优势方向为垂直于盆地边缘边界断层的鼻状构造带的展布方向。