New attachment for controlling gas flow in the HVOF process

During the decade, the high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) process proved to be a technological alternative to the many conventional thermal spray processes. It would be very advantageous to design a nozzle that provides improved performance in the areas of deposition efficiency, particle in-flight oxidation, and flexibility to allow deposition of ceramic coatings. Based on a numerical analysis, a new attachment to a standard HVOF torch was modeled, designed, tested, and used to produce thermal spray coatings according to the industrial needs mentioned above. Performance of the attachment was investigated by spraying several coating materials including metal and ceramic powders. Particle conditions and spatial distribution, as well as gas phase composition, corresponding to the new attachment and the standard HVOF gun, were compared. The attachment provides better particle spatial distribution, combined with higher particle velocity and temperature. The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Science and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), 5–8 May, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International, 2003.     

锥形凹模板料不起皱条件和极限拉深系数

本文通过分析锥形凹模拉深变形过程，利用试验数据，列出了板料不起皱的条件；并运用主应力法和板料弯曲的外力功等于内力功的原理以及摩擦理论，推导出加工硬化时变形区危险断面最大拉应力计算公式和无压边装置锥形凹模的圆筒件极限拉深系数计算公式；均由实例进行验证。拉深系数为０．３９的两种零件，从试制到生产，证明了锥形凹模是可以实现深拉深的模具。     

Determination of waviness decrease rate by measuring the frequency characteristics of the grinding force in centerless grinding

In centerless grinding, it is difficult to optimize the grinding conditions for minimizing the workpiece roundness error because of the high number of process parameters such as center height angle, blade angle, and stock removal rate. We had previously proposed a function for evaluating grinding conditions, i.e., the waviness decrease rate, in order to automatically select the optimum process parameters. In order to build a closed-loop control system for the process parameters, however, it is necessary to find a practical way to determine the waviness decrease rate. In this paper, the relationship between the waviness decrease rate and the dynamic components of the grinding force was investigated analytically. It was found that the frequency characteristics of the waviness decrease rate show a similar tendency to those of the grinding force. A grinding force measurement system was built and experiments for measuring the frequency characteristics of the grinding force were carried out. As a result, it was confirmed that the waviness decrease rate can be determined by measuring the frequency characteristics of the grinding force.     

水文时间序列周期分析方法的研究

水文时间序列基本上具有周期性,但并非物理意义上的周期,而是概率学中的周期。进行时间序列周期的识别和判断是比较难的问题,因此,怎样进行时间序列周期的分析与检测,已经成为水文研究者重点关注的问题。     

柴河水库汛期可能遭遇的极端和突发水文事件的初始识别及对应的初步预案

本文对柴河水库在汛期可能遭遇的极端突发水文事件的类型作了初级预测,并设计了初步的预报调度方面的对应预案。     

基于竞争环境的截流设施选址与车辆路径问题

研究竞争环境下截流设施选址与带时间窗的多中心车辆路径问题。首先,在考虑设施覆盖范围衰退的情况下,利用阶梯型效用函数和偏离距离描述消费者的选择行为,并确定截流设施的需求量;然后,采用基于聚集度的启发式算法对门店进行分类,借助双层规划法,建立门店选址与车辆路径安排的多目标整数规划模型;最后,采用改进的蚁群算法进行求解。通过分析对比实验结果,验证了模型的有效性和可行性。     

2014年灵丘春玉米生育期气象条件分析

根据灵丘县2014年4月下旬到9月下旬的气象观测资料和玉米获得高产所需的农业气象条件,对灵丘县春玉米生育期的气象条件进行了综合分析,得出2014-04—09的综合气象条件能满足春玉米生长发育的需求。其中,有3个时段的气象条件与春玉米生育阶段的需求不吻合,即5月上旬出现冷害、7月中下旬降水偏少、9月出现阶段性低温和阴雨寡照天气,这些不利气象条件都会对春玉米的发育造成不同程度的影响。     

Finite‐time H ∞ control for discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems with time delay

In this paper, the problem of finite‐time H _∞ control is addressed for a class of discrete‐time switched nonlinear systems with time delay. The concept of H _∞ finite‐time boundedness is first introduced for discrete‐time switched delay systems. Next, a set of switching signals are designed by using the average dwell time approach, under which some delay‐dependent sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the H _∞ finite‐time boundedness of the closed‐loop system. Then, a finite‐time H _∞ state feedback controller is also designed by solving such conditions. Furthermore, the problem of uniform finite‐time H _∞ stabilization is also resolved. All the conditions are cast into linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily checked by using recently developed algorithms for solving linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example and a water‐quality control system are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the main results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水文基建财务监管平台设计与实现

近年来,水文水资源建设项目逐渐增多,也对水文基本建设财务管理提出更高的要求,加强水文基本建设财务监管,是切实管好用好水文建设资金的重要保证。在分析水文基建项目财务监管要求的基础上,剖析当前水文主管部门财务监管平台的不足,对新形势下水文基建项目财务管理新模式进行探讨,提出财务监管平台的业务需求及流程,设计财务监管平台的功能,完成财务监管平台的架构设计。水文基建财务监管平台按照"中央、流域、省集中部署,市、县共用"的原则进行建设,为水文水资源建设项目财务监管工作的开展提供信息化服务,主要包括项目财务、统计上报、财务预警监督管理等子系统。此平台将对其他智能化财务监督管理平台建设提供指导。     

冰冻圈水文过程对黑河上游径流的影响分析

黑河上游处于高寒山区,开展冰冻圈水文过程对径流的影响研究,对于判断该地区径流变化趋势及其可持续性具有重要意义。本文应用基流分割、逐步多元回归等方法,分析了1960—2013年黑河上游出山径流量的变化及其原因,重点估计了融雪、冰川融化对径流的贡献,探讨了土壤冻融过程对径流变化的可能影响。分析结果表明,黑河上游山区河川径流在近54年间呈现上升趋势,其中以基流部分的上升为主。降水与气温变化对河川径流上升均有较大贡献。导致春季径流增加的主要因素为温度、降水次之;导致秋季径流增加的主要因素为降水、温度次之。夏季黑河上游东支的雨强有显著增大趋势(日雨量增幅为0.9 mm/10 a),对于河川径流贡献的比例约为15%。黑河山区的逐年降雪量变化不显著,冰川融化对径流增加的贡献小于10%。由此推断气温上升导致基流增加的主要原因是:气温升高导致高寒山区冻土活动层增厚,增加了土壤蓄水容量,从而导致降雨下渗量增加和基流量增大。由于黑河上游冻土分布广泛,未来气温持续上升的情况下,这种产流机制变化导致的基流增加具有可持续性。