BENCHMARKING RIVER HABITAT IMPROVEMENT

River ecosystems have witnessed a long history of human pressure, particularly the disruption of freshwater fish populations. The awareness of this situation has led to many habitat improvement projects, with a variable degree of success. In natural situations, fish populations co‐inhabit throughout the hydrological cycle with different degrees of adequacy, and the sequence of favourable and unfavourable conditions dictates abiotic constraints and biotic interactions that shape the final biological assemblages. We postulate that a part of unsuccessful restoration results is related to insufficient closeness to the natural habitat conditions of the river type that is to be restored, including the naturally adverse periods. We used the river2d model to predict habitat availability as weighted usable area (WUA) at a degraded site that is to be restored, for two native Mediterranean species and their life stages—the Southwestern nase Iberochondrostoma almacai and the Arade chub Squalius aradensis. We then analysed the yearly evolution of the natural WUA at a nearby reference site. Overall, the reference site exhibited the longest periods during which the WUA was continuously lower than the chosen WUA thresholds for each of the four bioperiods. Considerable divergences from natural habitat availability values can be seen for the spawning, rearing and growth bioperiods. Restoration outcomes can result in appreciable deviations—favourable or unfavourable to fish populations—from the WUA occurring under natural conditions over the course of the year. Restoration should therefore take account of local hydraulic and habitat patterns that govern population dynamics and result in the final fish assemblage. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DLL?技术在水文预报系统中的应用

在水文预报系统开发中,通过 DLL 技术的应用,既充分发挥多种开发语言各自的特长,提高系统开发效率,又可提高系统的运行速率,增强系统的可扩展性.详细分析用 VB 创建及测试水文预报模型.DLL 的步骤,以及在 ASP.Net 中如何调用 VB 创建的 DLL 进行水文预报.程序编写和调用实例证明,使用 DLL 技术实现水文预报的方法是切实有效的     

挡潮闸闸墩高性能大体积混凝土温度效应与控制

为了解决某挡潮闸枢纽工程中高性能大体积混凝土结构浇筑时的温度控制问题,避免因混凝土干缩、自体积变形、外部约束和温度效应等因素引起混凝土开裂,取闸室底板和中墩进行三维有限元建模,对闸墩采取不同的温控措施,进行闸墩温度场和温度应力场的仿真分析,研究闸墩冷却水管布置方案的温控效果并提出科学合理的温度控制措施,为现场科学施工提供理论指导。仿真结果表明:通水冷却效果良好,闸墩均未出现裂缝;在混凝土浇筑初期采取降低入仓温度和通水冷却等降温措施来减小由于混凝土水化热引起的最大温升,可以有效减小混凝土温降阶段的降温幅度;控制最大温升、内外温差及温降速率是大体积混凝土闸墩温控防裂的关键。     

庄里水库坝址及坝轴线方案比选

水库工程大坝坝址坝轴线的选择,是项目可行性研究阶段的主要研究课题,在满足规划指标及枢纽布置等条件下,还应充分考虑工程地质条件、施工工期、移民拆迁占地、环境影响、工程投资、工程效益等方面,最终选择技术可行、经济合理、效益最佳的方案作为推荐方案。所介绍的山东省庄里水库,在开展前期工作过程中,由于存在复杂的地质情况及移民拆迁占地问题,在坝址坝轴线的比选工作上经历了项目建议书及可行性研究两个阶段,勘察设计时间长达5a之久,最终确定上坝轴线为推荐方案。     

气象集合预报的研究进展

集合预报是数值预报发展的一个重要方向,相对于单一的确定性预报,它考虑了初值及模式的不确定性,其结果反映了未来天气的多种状况,能为用户提供确定性预报所不能提供的信息(如预报结果的可信度等)。降水信息是水文预报系统的核心输入,单一的降水预报存在着不确定性,从而使得水文预报也存在不确定性。这种不确定性制约了水利工程调度的科学性。集合预报在一定程度上能解决这种不确定性。从而在水文领域,气象集合预报具有较高的应用价值。为了水文工作者能够更好地应用集合预报,本文首先基于系统的角度,对集合预报系统中的初值扰动、模式扰动和集合预报产品等研究现状及成果进行了评述,然后分析了降水集合预报产品在水文预报领域中的应用情况,最后对集合预报在水文领域中的应用进行了展望。     

Prüfer method for periodic and semi-periodic sturm-liouville eigenvalue problems ∗

In reference [19], the authors developed a shooting algorithm for Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problems associated with periodic and semi-periodic boundary conditions. The technique is based on the application of the Floquet theory, and it has proven to be efficient for computing eigenvalues. However, the performance of this technique depends upon the choice of the starting eigenvalues. In the present paper, we continue our study and employ the Prüfer method. An attractive property of this method is that eigenvalues can usually be accurately computed even when no information on the eigenvalue distribution is provided. Sufficient conditions for convergence, error bounds and a procedure to improve the stability are discussed. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

非奇异H-矩阵的充分条件

利用矩阵的结构信息和矩阵的α-对角占优性,给出了非奇异H-矩阵的两个充分条件,推广和改进了相关结果.     

温和条件下硝酸根型ZnAl-LDHs的合成与表征

以硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸钠和氢氧化钠为原料,用共沉淀法制备了不同配比下的锌铝层状双金属氢氧化物(ZnAl-LDHs)。探讨了组分配比、合成方式、老化时间等对ZnAl-LDHs合成的影响。通过XRD、SEM、IR分析表征了合成的化合物。结果表明:与MgAl-LDH需要在碱性条件下合成的认识不同,ZnAl-LDHs可以在温和pH条件下(且不能在碱性条件下)合成。随着Zn/Al比的增加,合成的ZnAl-LDHs层间距增大,晶形越完整。当n(Zn)/n(Al)=2∶1,pH=6,老化时间为24h,晶化温度为70℃时,合成的ZnAl-LDHs结晶度好、纯度高。