IF钢中的夹杂物

对无间隙原子钢（ＩＦ钢）中的夹杂物进行了研究。研究结果表明：ＩＦ钢中的夹杂物主要是Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＮ型复合夹杂物;夹杂物呈颗粒状在钢中弥散分布,其尺寸大部分在１～５μｍ;位于夹杂物中心的Ａｌ２Ｏ３起着ＴｉＮ异质形核核心的作用;夹杂物对钢性能的均匀性有较大影响。     

晋东北金矿床石英流体包裹体与找矿

晋东北各种类型金矿中都广泛发育热液型石英脉，与矿化有关的石英流体包裹体的特征反映了不同的矿床类型。对该区石英脉型、蚀变岩型及磁铁石英岩型金矿床的研究表明，石英中流体包裹体的成分、温度和红外吸收光谱等特征可以作为划分矿床类型和作为金矿找矿评价的标志     

Thermodynamic analysis of inclusion in weld

Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｉｎｗｅｌｄ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｏｃｈｅｎｇａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉｐｉｎｇ（ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ．Ｇａｕｎｇｚｈｏｕ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｅｍ...     

岩石包体中二氧化碳的碳同位素测定

岩石包体中的流体组份同位素特征是研究形成岩石时环境的流体地球化学性质的重要方法,对测量同位素的流体的收集以及测量对同位素数据的提供也显得十分重要,本文建立了测量岩石包体中二氧化碳的碳同位素方法,经实际测量证明该方法符合测量要求。     

恒速传动装置齿轮断裂失效分析

飞机电源系统的恒速传动装置齿轮在装机使用124 h后发生断裂失效;用体视显微镜、SEM、EDS等方法进行了分析,用硬度法测定了齿轮接触面的渗碳层深度。结果表明:差动齿轮先发生早期疲劳断裂,其原因是齿根处存在尺寸较大的氧化铝夹杂物,导致应力集中形成了裂纹源,再加上齿根部位渗碳时未形成有效硬化层,导致齿根处疲劳强度大大降低,致使裂纹扩展而断裂;随后输入齿轮发生过载断裂。     

STATISTICAL EVALUATION OF CRITICAL INCLUSION FACTOR FOR SECONDARY RECRYSTALLIZATON IN 3%Si STEEL Lecturer,Department of Materials Engineering,Southwestern Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China

On the basis of statistical data of MnS in the conventional 3% Si steel sheeets after variousannealing processes,the critical inclusion factor has been evaluated to be 20 mm~(-1).The inhi-bition of MnS to grain growth has been exactly described.     

Eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n-3) from the marine microalgaPhaeodactylum tricornutum

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20∶5n-3) was obtained from the marine microalgaePhaeodactylum tricornutum by a three-step process: fatty acid extraction by direct saponification of biomass, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration by formation of urea inclusion compounds, and EPA isolation by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alternatively, EPA was obtained by a similar two-step process without the PUFA concentration step by the urea method. Direct saponification of biomass was carried out with two solvents that contained KOH for lipid saponification. An increase in yield was obtained because the problems associated with emulsion formation were avoided by separating the biomass from the soap solution before adding hexane for extraction of insaponifiables. The most efficient solvent, ethanol (96%) at 60°C for 1 h, extracted 98.3% of EPA. PUFA were concentrated by the urea method with a urea/fatty acid ratio of 4∶1 at a crystallization temperature of 28°C and by using methanol and ethanol as urea solvents. An EPA concentration ratio of 1.73 (55.2∶31.9) and a recover yield of 78.6% were obtained with methanol as the urea solvent. This PUFA concentrate was used to obtain 93.4% pure EPA by semipreparative HPLC with a reverse-phase, C₁₈, 10 mm i.d.×25-cm column and methanol/water (1% acetic acid), 80∶20 w/w, as the mobile phase. Eighty-five percent of EPA loaded was recovered, and 65.7% of EPA present inP. tricornutum biomass was recovered in highly pure form by this three-step downstream process. Alternatively, 93.6% pure EPA was isolated from the fatty acid extract (without the PUFA concentration step) with 100% EPA recovery yield. This two-step process increases the overall EPA yield to 98.3%, but it is only possible to obtain 20% as much EPA as that obtained by three-step downstream processing.     

Fatigue crack initiation potential from defects in terms of local stress analysis

The competition of surface and subsurface crack initiation induced failure is critical to understand very high cycle fatigue（VHCF） behavior, which necessitates the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for the transition of crack initiation from surface to interior defects. Crack initiation potential in materials containing defects is investigated numerically by focusing on defect types, size, shape, location, and residual stress influences. Results show that the crack initiation potency is higher in case of serious property mismatching between matrix and defects, and higher strength materials are more sensitive to soft inclusions（elastic modulus lower than the matrix）. The stress localization around inclusions are correlated to interior crack initiation mechanisms in the VHCF regime such as inclusion-matrix debonding at soft inclusions and inclusion-cracking for hard inclusions（elastic modulus higher than the matrix）. It is easier to emanate cracks from the subsurface pores with the depth 0.7 times as large as their diameter. There exists an inclusion size independent region for crack incubation, outside which crack initiation will transfer from the subsurface soft inclusion to the interior larger one. As for elliptical inclusions, reducing the short-axis length can decrease the crack nucleation potential and promote the interior crack formation, whereas the long-axis length controls the site of peak stress concentration. The compressive residual stress at surface is helpful to shift crack initiation from surface to interior inclusions. Some relaxation of residual stress can not change the inherent crack initiation from interior inclusions in the VHCF regime. The work reveals the crack initiation potential and the transition among various defects under the influences of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the VHCF regime, and is helpful to understand the failure mechanism of materials containing defects under long-term cyclic loadings.     

氧化铈对高强钢复合焊接焊缝组织与韧性的影响*

稀土是理想的变质和微合金化元素,采用Nd:YAG激光-MAG电弧复合焊接方法,以预置方式向高强钢复合焊接熔池过渡氧化铈,研究焊缝组织与低温(-40 ℃)冲击性能。结果表明：适量氧化铈能控制晶粒尺寸并细化焊缝组织,当添加量为0.3%时,焊缝晶粒得到明显细化,随着添加量的增加,晶粒尺寸和枝晶间距均增大,但氧化铈并不能改变焊缝组织相成分,仍以板条马氏体组织为主。氧化铈能够净化焊缝组织,变质夹杂物并起到异质形核作用,夹杂物主要由硅、铝、铁的氧化物或碳化物及少量含铈类氧化物和氧硫化物组成。低温冲击测试发现,焊缝及其热影响区冲击吸收能量随氧化铈添加量的增加而呈先增后降的变化趋势,当添加量为0.3%时,焊缝冲击吸收能量达到最大,而添加量为0.5%时,热影响区冲击吸收能量达到最大值,其断口处韧窝均多而深,以韧性断裂为主。     

控制大型饼类锻件夹杂性缺陷的镦粗成形工艺研究

镦粗变形是大型饼类锻件的主要成形方式,夹杂性缺陷是其主要质量问题。镦粗变形使锻件心部的塑性夹杂有可能成为片状,这种片状夹杂在一定的力学条件下会产生微观乃至宏观裂纹。因此控制夹杂物的变形并防止产生夹杂裂纹是饼类锻件锻造工艺所要研究的主要内容。为此,本文分别研究了旋转进砧法、梅花布砧法、排砧法和圆弧砧法等四种镦粗工艺条件下,大型饼类锻件心部夹杂物的变形、金属变形及损伤因子的分布情况。分析结果认为旋转进砧法可以有效控制锻件内部的夹杂物形貌。