Bullwhip reduction for ARMA demand: The proportional order-up-to policy versus the full-state-feedback policy

A ‘proportional’ order-up-to policy reacting to ARMA demand is analyzed using stochastic optimal control theory. This policy is compared with a full-state-feedback order-up-to policy. Necessary conditions for an optimum of a weighted sum of the inventory and the ordering variances for both policies are formulated. Based on this a relatively simple expression for the ‘full-state’ policy is derived. The comparison between the two policies demonstrates that the ‘intuitively’ designed proportional policy does not fulfill the objective of controlling both the inventory and ordering variance for all parameter values of the demand model as well as the full-state-feedback policy. The full-state-feedback policy outperforms the proportional policy in several aspects.     

五年来我国有色金属工业结构调整状况及对策建议

本文总结了近5年来我国有色金属工业结构调整和产业升级的基本情况,即中国有色金属工业集约化程度、技装备水平提高,生产成本下降,行业整体实力增强。而这些成绩的取得都有赖于国家积极的财政政策及“债转股”政策的推动,有赖于深化企业改革及发挥市场资源配置的作用等等。同时,针对对当前及今后有色金属工业结构调整和产业结构升级所面临的问题,提出了有关对策建议     

经济型洗煤厂集中控制系统的设计

介绍以三菱FX系列PLC和工控机组成的洗煤厂分布式集中控制系统,同时给出了设计要求、硬件配置以及软件设计等。     

我国制造业国有企业的现状与发展

制造业国有企业在我国国民经济中具有非常重要的地位,其发展状况因所处地区、行业的不同而存在很大差别。从总体上看,制造业国有企业在投入产出能力、企业运营能力、盈利能力和偿债能力等方面都有待于提高。制造业中大型国有企业保持了良好增长态势。国家重点企业通过增加研究与开发投入,发展后劲显著增强。制造业中国有企业的数量在大幅度减少,其所占的比重持续下降,在制造业的不少小行业中,非国有企业已经取代了国有企业,成为行业中的主要力量。     

The importance and the policy impacts of post-contractual opportunism and competition in the English and Welsh non-fossil fuel obligation

The non-fossil fuel obligation (NFFO), which consisted in a competitive auction for the deployment of renewable electricity, was the main policy for almost a decade in England and Wales. Once also used in Ireland and France, it has recently been abandoned in all countries. Many critics of the NFFO have focused on its inability to develop a national industry and promote a climate of stability among investors. This paper focuses on the incentives faced by developers bidding for a NFFO contract and shows that the low deployment rate under this scheme is likely to have been a predictable outcome of how the policy was structured and implemented rather than an unfortunate accident. The importance of the NFFO goes beyond the lack of an intense deployment of renewable electricity generation observed in the years in which the policy was on place. In fact, the NFFO has contributed to: promoting hostility against wind farms; creating false expectations of a price competitive renewable electricity sector; creating a playing field giving advantages to big players; preventing the creation of a wide renewable lobby coalition and the effective solution of planning constraints encountered by several renewable developers.     

关于影响面条食用品质相关因素的探讨

从小麦生产概况、面条发展历史和工艺、国内外对面条食用品质的研究3个方面,分析了我国面条工业发展缓慢的原因,提出了小麦育种-面粉工业-制面工业,3个环节紧密配合,协调发展,才能形成良性循环的新思路。     

化学模式识别法在钢铁工业中的若干应用

本文涉及一种崭新的非函数数据处理法及其在工业诊断和优化中的应用。并对其进行要因分析和优化决策的原理作了介绍。结合钢铁工业生产中的实例进行了分析。还探讨了该方法在钢铁工业中应用的意义。     

矿井串联系统模糊可靠性理论的研究

矿井系统不仅具有随机性，而且同时也具有模糊性，在系统分析与设计过程中应同时考虑这两种不确定性因素的影响。文中提出了模糊故障、模糊功能、系统模糊运营状态和广义可靠度等概念，并在此基础上提出了求单元及串联系统的生产能力、营运费用、应急维修费用、修理时间和广义可靠度等指标的方法，建立了使系统平均生产能力最大的系统最优运营策略的数学模型。     

认清形势 振奋精神全面完成化工“八五”计划的各项任务

总结回顾了１９９４年中国化学工业的改革及发展现状，提出了１９９５年化工生产建设的目标及在化工行业改革方面的四项试点工作，强调了编制“九五”计划的重要性。     

近代新疆石油工业的三次盛衰

光绪三十二年（１９０６），新疆布政使王树木丹组织了油苗普查，引进了钻采设备，在独山子开展了新疆石油工业的草创工作，但这项新兴的事业很快随清朝的灭亡而衰落了。民国７～１２年（１９１８～１９２３），新疆省长杨增新再次组织石油采炼，但因经费不足，没有很大起色，而地方人士潘祖焕在汪家沟设厂，却首创了略有盈利的采炼实业，为新疆石油工业的二次兴盛作了贡献。本世纪４０年代初，中苏合作，在独山子油矿建成了相当大的生产经营规模，新疆石油工业出现了第三个鼎盛时期。后来由于盛世才投靠国民党，反共反苏，与苏联关系恶化，独山子的石油采炼如昙花一现，迅速走向衰落。