Corrosion kinetics and patina evolution of galvanized steel in a simulated coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion kinetics and patina (corrosion products) layer evolution of galvanized steel submitted to wet/dry cyclic corrosion test in a simulated coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated. The results show that zinc coating has a greater corrosion rate during the initial period and a lower corrosion rate during the subsequent period, and the patina composition and structure can greatly affect the corrosion kinetics evolution of zinc coating. Moreover, Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂ and Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄ are identified as the main stable composition and exhibit an increasing relative amount; while Zn₁₂(OH)₁₅Cl₃(SO₄)₃ cannot stably exist and diminish in the patina layer as the corrosion develops.     

Skin layer of A380 aluminium alloy die castings and its blistering during solution treatment

Skin layer is a characteristic microstructure of aluminium die castings, which would effect the surface blistering during solution treatment. In this study, the microstructures of skin layer were investigated by the methods of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). High resolution X-ray CT was used to compare the skin layer with normal surface before and after solution treatment. With the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the formation mechanism of the skin layer was discussed based on microstructure distribution, solute segregation, porosity distribution and surface blistering. The results suggested that the skin layer is related to a succession of complex processes before the filling process finished. Pore clusters or laminar defects would be formed in skin layers during solution treatment and cause severe surface blistering.     

高超声速飞行器的滑模边界层模糊自适应控制方法研究

针对高超声速飞行器飞行过程中存在的高度非线性、强耦合、参数不确定性等问题提出了一种基于滑模边界层模糊自适应的控制方法;首先将纵向模型进行精确线性化,通过引入一个滑模边界层可调参数,在边界层外施加基于正切趋近律的准滑模控制律;在边界层内,去掉准滑模控制律,采用饱和函数法设计的控制律;边界层参数用模糊逻辑系统进行在线调节,从而消除了系统处于准滑动模态时的高频抖振;仿真结果表明:该方法在保证控制系统具有良好跟踪性能的同时,具有削弱抖振的能力和强鲁棒性。     

Spark discharge generator as a stable and reliable nanoparticle synthesis device: Analysis of the impact of process and circuit variables on the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles

Nanotechnology offers the promise of harnessing quantum properties not available in the bulk phase. These desirable properties are highly dependent on size and composition. Generators that control these variables are therefore essential for progress in the field. The spark discharge generator (SDG) is an outstanding aerosol route for nanoparticle synthesis, which stands out due to its fast kinetics, scalability, high purity, accuracy and reproducibility, with the added advantage of allowing the synthesis of nanoparticles of any conducting material. These advantages are a consequence of its vast heating and cooling rates, its intrinsic and easily controllable electronic variables at the reach of a click. However, the mechanistic impact of these variables on the actual aerosol generated is still not fully understood. In this work, we constructed an SDG and systematically studied its behavior with particular interest in the effect that resistance, capacitance, inductance, flow rate, gap separation and current have on the electrical behavior of the spark. Our model system produced primarily Fe and Cu nanoparticles with measured concentrations ranging 5*10⁵ – 2*10⁷ part/cm³, and mean agglomerate sizes of 5 – 80 nm. We discuss how the spark influences particle size and number concentration and provide useful correlations that link dependent with independent variables. Remarkably, a finite resistance produces a maximum in the output of the generated aerosols. This suggests a direct link between RLC properties of the circuit and cabling into the frequency of the spark, and nanoparticle number concentration, indicating potential for exploiting such behavior towards maximizing nanoparticle generation. Furthermore, we discuss a link between spark oscillations and energy release with its consequent aerosol generation.     

设局部刚性垫层柱下单独基础设计方法研究

本文指出规范设计方法的不合理性,提出新的钢筋混凝土柱下单独基础型式,根据试验结果给出实用的设计方法和施工方法     

Concerning closed-streamline flows with discontinuous boundary conditions

High-Reynolds-number (Re) flow containing closed streamlines (Prandtl-Batchelor flows), within a region enclosed by a smooth boundary at which the boundary conditions are discontinuous, is considered. In spite of the need for local analysis to account fully for flow at points of discontinuity, asymptotic analysis for Re 1 indicates that the resulting mathematical problem for determining the uniform vorticity ₀) in these situations, requiring the solution of periodic boundary-layer equations, is in essence the same as that for a flow with continuous boundary data. Extensions are proposed to earlier work [3] to enable ₀ to be computed numerically; these require coordinate transformations for the boundary-layer variables at singularities, as well as a two-zone numerical integration scheme. The ideas are demonstrated numerically for the classical circular sleeve.     

Low temperature preparation of fluoroalkanes from a mixture of carbon tetrachloride,dichloromethane and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using a fluorinated γ-alumina supported iron(II,III)/cobalt(II,III) oxide catalyst

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has been prepared at 473 K under static conditions, from a feedstock of carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride using a-alumina supported fluorinated Co(II, III)₈₅Fe(II, III)₁₅O_x catalyst. Conversion to hydrofluoroalkanes was ca. 58% efficiency as quantified by liquid phase¹⁹F NMR analysis.     

工业软测量模型结构与输入变量选择的研究

针对过程工业中难以直接测量的变量建立其软测量模型,对于实现关键指标的在线监测和实时控制具有十分重要的意义.变量的选择直接关系到神经网络软测量模型的预测性能,针对现有输入变量和网络结构选择方法在工业应用中的不足,提出了一种基于敏感度分析的方法来确定网络输入变量集和前馈神经网络隐含层节点个数,并建立了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE...     

混凝土销售系统的设计与实现

结合销售的具体环节,对混凝土企业的销售需求状况做深入的分析,本着减少销售人员工作量,提高工作效率和数据准确性的原则,利用ASP．NET＋SQL Server2005开发了基于B／S端的混凝土销售系统。该系统通过读取生产环节数据,核对订单后输入产品价格便可以自动统计一系列的销售数据,同时提供销售月报表、销售明细表及供货清单等报表供销售人员查询及打印。实践表明,该系统方便快捷准确,且对其他混凝土企业的销售系统都有一定的借鉴价值。     

Comparison of the RF MEMS switches with dielectric layers on the bridge’s lower surface and on the transmission line

Previously, we proposed that the dielectric layer of RF MEMS switch can be fabricated either on the transmission line, as traditional switches, or on the lower surface of the bridge. This paper presents a detailed comparison of the RF MEMS switches with different positions of dielectric layer. Through theoretically analyzing the physical model of fringing capacitance, it is revealed that different positions of dielectric layer can result in different switch capacitances. Therefore, the change of d...