Ultra-high pressure sterilization of powdery food stuff—a new application of a roller compactor

A new non-heating technique was developed for the sterilization of food stuff. Applying a roller compactor, ultra-high pressure sterilization has experimentally demonstrated its ability to sterilize dry powders, such as corn flour and Chinese herbs, with little quality deterioration. Also, the degree of food sterilization was found correlated well with the linear press forces between the rollers, roller gaps, and number of compaction passes. In comparison to the conventional high pressure sterilization technique, the new dry continuous processing method has the advantage of lower investment cost and is more versatile for sterilizing various food powders.     

碳气凝胶的常压干燥制备及结构控制

研究了碳气凝胶在常压条件下的制备过程和干燥方法. 用扫描电镜、比表面测量仪及孔径分布仪对其结构进行了表征与测试. 通过改变催化剂和溶剂的用量,可以实现碳气凝胶的颗粒直径及孔洞由纳米到微米级的连续调节. 通过降低催化剂浓度并以丙酮进行溶剂替换,成功实现了碳气凝胶的常压干燥. 常压干燥样品具有250~650 kg/m3的低密度和250~550 m2/g的高比表面积. 分析了其溶胶-凝胶反应机理,围绕毛细压力和材料强度等方面探讨了其常压干燥的实现途径.     

半钢子午胎硫化供汽系统改造

在原有供汽系统等压运行条件下，通过合理改造，加装减温减压装置，将原系统分类内胎锅炉房高压供汽系统和老锅炉房低压供汽系统，以满足半钢子午胎对高压蒸汽的需求，达到缩短硫化时间，提高生产能力的目的。     

容器内可燃气体燃爆温度与压力的计算方法

对容器内可燃气体爆炸过程进行了热力学分析,得出可燃气体在容器内爆炸前后物质热力学能保持不变的结论。根据化工热力学能量守恒方程,推导出了两种容器内可燃气体爆炸温度和压力的计算方法。对几种可燃烃类气体进行了计算,其计算结果与文献值和实验值进行了比较分析,结果表明:燃爆温度的计算偏差为9.14%～11.15%,爆炸压力的计算偏差为5.84%～12.21%,说明了计算方法的有效性和实用性。结合计算实例对两种计算方法进行了阐述,计算结果基本一致。     

耐高负压聚四氟乙烯衬里设备、管道制作工艺

聚四氟乙烯衬里设备、管道，经常会因为内部负压产生内瘪，以至拉裂损坏。本文讲述了一种特殊制造工艺：将聚四氟乙烯衬里外表面处理后，采用特殊粘接剂，将其与钢外壳粘接起来，以防止负压，延长产品使用寿命。     

High‐Pressure 31P{1H} NMR Studies of RhH(CO)(TPPTS)3 in the Presence of Methylated Cyclodextrins: New Light on Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation Reaction Assisted by Cyclodextrins

The effect of methylated cyclodextrins on the RhH(CO)(TPPTS)₃ complex in hydroformylation conditions [50 atm of CO/H₂ (1/1) and 80 °C] has been investigated by high‐pressure ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. In the presence of methylated β‐cyclodextrin, the equilibria between the rhodium species lie in favor of phosphine low‐coordinated rhodium species. The formation of a stable inclusion complex between this cyclodextrin and the trisulfonated triphenylphosphine ligand (TPPTS) was found to be the key to understanding the displacement of the equilibria. Indeed, the methylated α‐cyclodextrin which does not interact with the TPPTS and the methylated γ‐cyclodextrin which can weakly bind to the TPPTS have no and a very low effect on the equilibria, respectively. These results explain for the first time why a decrease in the normal to branched aldehydes ratio is always observed when cyclodextrins are used as mass‐transfer agents in aqueous biphasic hydroformylation processes.     

聚乙烯热熔焊制管件的生产

根据相关标准的要求、国内外企业和行业协会的相关资料，对热熔焊制管件的焊制原理；欧洲标准和美国标准中关于加热温度、焊制压力和加热／冷却时间的取值进行了介绍；对热熔焊制管件的压力折减和品质判定进行了阐述和说明。     

High-pressure fluidized bed coating utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide

Various particles with sizes between 100 and 200 μm were encapsulated with waxes commonly used in technical coating applications. For this, a homogeneous mixture of molten paraffin and supercritical carbon dioxide was prepared in an autoclave and injected into the high-pressure fluidized bed through a nozzle from the bottom. Due to the different conditions in the mixing autoclave and the fluidized bed, the paraffin precipitated in the vicinity of the nozzle and adhered to the solid particles. A complete, thin, uniform, and solvent-free coating was produced. The use of two paraffins with different alkane compositions resulted in dissimilar spreads on glass beads due to their different glass transition temperatures. A smaller pressure drop across the nozzle led to more uniform and even coatings. Glass beads, ceramic spheres, potassium chloride, and lactose showed similar coating results, whereas different morphologies were observed with a plastic material, characterized by a rougher surface and a lower surface energy. The high quality of the coating was confirmed by standard dissolution tests with coated potassium chloride crystals and lactose agglomerates.     

铁离子改性碳分子筛对氮气/甲烷分离性能的研究

针对碳分子筛对氮气/甲烷分离体系分离比低的问题,采用浸渍法以市售空分碳分子筛（CMS）为基体,制备了分离氮气/甲烷的铁离子改性碳分子筛。通过静态吸附量、分离比、吸附动力学及热力学性质考察了铁离子负载量对碳分子筛吸附分离氮气/甲烷性能的影响。结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）的负载减小了CMS的比表面积、微孔体积和孔径,使CMS超微孔的孔径分布呈现更集中的趋势。这种集中性以动力学性能下降为代价,明显提高了碳分子筛对氮气/甲烷的吸附分离比。在303 K、0.7 MPa条件下,综合性能优异的0.3%铁改性CMS具有6.03的氮气/甲烷吸附分离比。     

Highly efficient approach to the synthesis of 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane in a continuous-flow microreactor

2-Chloro-2-methylbutane is an important organic compound widely used as a starting material in organic synthesis. It is mainly produced by the addition reaction of isoamylene and hydrochloric acid. As a raw material, isoamylene has a low boiling point and an extremely low flash point, making it a high-risk material in large-scale industrial productions. In this paper, a highly efficient production of 2-Chloro-2-methylbutane was realized using a continuous flow micro-channel reactor. Through the back pressure system of the reactor, the fluid pressure was increased, which elevated the reaction temperature, and enhanced the rate of reaction. The obtained optimal reaction conditions for the process were a reaction temperature of 90°C, pressure of 0.67 MPa, residence time of reactants of 15 min, n (hydrochloric acid):n (isoamylene) = 2.80:1.00, and v (hydrochloric acid):v (isoamylene) = 4.40:1.76. Compared with a batch process, the micro-channel process significantly shortened the reaction time and conversion a continuous and an efficient production. Computational analysis using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software was used to simulate the two-phase flow in the micro-channel reactor, and the results were consistent with the experimental results.