The distinctive characteristics of combustion duration in hydrogen internal combustion engine

As a practical solution to reduce the emission pollution and energy crisis, the research and development of HICE has been processed in several decades. The focus of this paper is trying to explore the new features of the combustion duration in HICE not only by engine experiment, but also by analysis of the physical properties of hydrogen, especially the obvious difference from that of gasoline. Firstly, the laminar flame speed difference between hydrogen and gasoline was studied and discussed. Secondly, a distinctive rule of combustion duration in HICE was discovered by analyzing the experiment data. Finally, as a key reference point to the HICE operation, a new characteristic of the location of 50% mixture combust up was proposed and analyzed, this will be helpful for the calibration of optimum ignition timing.     

Development of a high speed and precision wire clamp with both position and force regulations

This paper presents the mechanism and robust control of a monolithic wire clamp to achieve fast and precision operations for strong and robust micro device packaging. The wire clamp is piezoelectrically actuated and a two-stage flexure-based amplification was designed to obtain large and parallel jaw displacements. The grasping forces of the wire clamp were evaluated based on finite element analysis (FEA), and the force measurement was presented. The wire clamp was manufactured using wire EDM technique and the position and force transfer functions were obtained based on the frequency response approach. The position/force switching control strategy was employed to regulate the motion position and grasping force, and the position/force switching controller composed of a PID controller for position control and a sliding model controller (SMC) for force control was designed. Experimental tests were carried out to investigate the performance of wire clamp with the position/force switching controller during the grasping and releasing operations. The results show that the wire clamp exhibits good performance and demonstrate that high speed and precision grasping operations can be realized through the developed wire clamp and the control strategy.     

单机架可逆冷轧机数学模型的设计与实践

介绍单机架可逆冷轧机自动化控制数学模型，包括轧制规程、轧制力模型、变形抗力等具体模型以及自适应系统的建立。提出一种新式的按轧制力分配规程的快速收敛算法，并且利用Bryant理论具体实现了轧制力等模型。     

Automatic measurement and warning of tension force reduction in a PT tendon using eddy current sensing

Post-tensioning (PT) using a bundle of pre-stressed strands is a critical process for assembling pre-fabricated and modularized bridge members. However, the tension force gradually diminishes over time due to such factors as corrosion, creep, and steel relaxation. Such changes compromise the overall safety of such structures. In this study, an eddy-current-based tension-force-loss warning (EC-TFLW) technique is proposed to detect and warn automatically of excessive loss of tension force in a PT tendon. A ring-type eddy-current sensor (ECS) is mounted on the outer surface of a wedge holding a tendon, and the level of eddy current measured by the ECS is related to the tension force of the tendon. The advantages of the proposed technique include: (1) low power consumption, (2) low cost, (3) simple installation, and (4) automated warning. The performance of the proposed EC-TFLW technique was validated experimentally in a full-scale lab test of a 3.3-m long, 15.2-mm diameter, mono-strand tendon that was tensioned using a universal testing machine (from 20 to 180 kN). Statistical hypothesis testing using the chi-square distribution was applied to the measured eddy current signals, and if the decline in tension exceeded a certain level, a warning was sent out automatically.     

换向脉冲镀金对铍青铜镀厚金层产品存储能力的影响

为提高电镀厚金层的存储性能,采用优化镀层预处理工艺方法,利用换向脉冲电镀技术在铍青铜试件上制备镀厚金层,并研究不同预处理工艺对长时间存储条件下镀层结合力的影响规律;利用X-射线能谱仪研究了优化预处理工艺对存储1~5年后镀厚金层的成分变化规律的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜与能谱仪研究了存储1~5年后镀层与铜基体之间的扩散行为。研究结果表明,换向脉冲电镀厚金层储存5年后,镀铜作为镀金的预镀层,镀层结合力最为优异;换向脉冲电镀厚金层的金原子数分数高于99.9%,镀厚金层具有优异的存储性能,但是镀厚金层界面处存在1.0~1.5μm的相互扩散现象。     

从预算合约角度看房地产企业产品力提升

结合工作经验,简要介绍了房地产企业产品策划阶段、规划设计阶段、项目实施阶段以及物业服务/运营阶段的预算合约与产品力提升的关系,阐明了预算合约在房地产企业产品力提升过程中的重要作用,从而为房地产企业开发提供参考。     

Energetically optimal running requires torques about the centre of mass

Bipedal animals experience ground reaction forces (GRFs) that pass close to the centre of mass (CoM) throughout stance, first decelerating the body, then re-accelerating it during the second half of stance. This results in fluctuations in kinetic energy, requiring mechanical work from the muscles. However, here we show analytically that, in extreme cases (with a very large body pitch moment of inertia), continuous alignment of the GRF through the CoM requires greater mechanical work than a maintained vertical force; we show numerically that GRFs passing between CoM and vertical throughout stance are energetically favourable under realistic conditions; and demonstrate that the magnitude, if not the precise form, of actual CoM-torque profiles in running is broadly consistent with simple mechanical work minimization for humans with appropriate pitch moment of inertia. While the potential energetic savings of CoM-torque support strategies are small (a few per cent) over the range of human running, their importance increases dramatically at high speeds and stance angles. Fast, compliant runners or hoppers would benefit considerably from GRFs more vertical than the zero-CoM-torque strategy, especially with bodies of high pitch moment of inertia—suggesting a novel advantage to kangaroos of their peculiar long-head/long-tail structure.     

输送带用钢丝绳生产及技术进步

介绍输送带用钢丝绳的主要生产控制及使用要求。从捻制质量、结构选择、力学性能以及粘合力和镀层质量控制等方面介绍输送带用钢丝绳的生产工艺控制以及各生产工序质量控制的注意事项,指出钢丝绳弯曲疲劳、输送带张紧装置造成胶带张力过大和张力分布不均匀、外力过大、腐蚀、异物损伤以及接头抽丝是输送带用钢丝绳使用过程中断裂的主要原因,保证钢丝绳储存质量和改善钢丝绳接头工艺有助于减少输送带生产过程中的钢丝绳消耗。对输送带用钢丝绳的技术进步做了展望。     

皮带助卷器故障分析及优化

皮带助卷器是薄板卷取机最重要的辅助设备，其工作的稳定性、可靠性直接影响机组的工作效率。根据皮带助卷器调试中发现的问题，对卷取张力和张紧力进行理论分析，并提出解决方案和改进措施。