Use of oxygen for the cleaning, passivation, and preservation of power-generating equipment at the Kharanorskaya SAPP

Studies conducted on two power-generating units at the Kharanorskaya SAPP relative to the steam-water-oxygen passivation, preservation, and partial cleaning of all boiler-heating surfaces, including the surfaces of the reheater, and passivation of the surfaces of the high-pressure heaters on the steam and water sides by the steam-oxygen method, as well as partial passivation, preservation, and cleaning of turbine blading are presented. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 6, pp. 56–64, May, 2006.     

PSI’s 1 kW imaging furnace—A tool for high-temperature chemical reactivity studies

A new experiment has been installed to conduct studies at temperatures as high as 2500 K on chemical reactions that involve solids or melts and the release of condensable gases. The sample is radiatively heated by a 1 kW xenon short arc lamp placed in the upper focus of a vertically oriented ellipsoid of revolution. The optimal optical configuration has been determined by a Monte-Carlo Ray tracing method. Several methods to machine the reflector have been evaluated by experimentally determining the optical quality of the surface of plane test pieces. In the imaging furnace the sample is placed on a water-cooled support and heated by the concentrated radiation. This arrangement allows for fast heating and impedes the reaction of the sample with crucible material. A remotely controlled hammer allows for freezing the high-temperature composition of the sample by a fast quench. Thus, the sample can be later analyzed by conventional methods such as XRD or TEM. To allow for measurements under defined atmospheres and to protect the ellipsoidal reflector from liberated condensable products, the entire sample stage is enclosed by a hemispherical glass dome. The dome itself is protected from condensable compounds by a laminar flow of inert gas. Experiments with an incense cone at the place of the sample to visualize the gas flow showed that a steady layer of inert gas protects the dome from smoke, if the inert gas flow is properly adjusted. Measured peak flux densities clearly exceed 500 W cm⁻² required to access temperatures of at least 2500 K. Decomposition experiments on copper sulfides confirmed the operation of the furnace. In the near future flash assisted multi-wavelength pyrometry (FAMP) will be implemented to measure sample temperatures online. Though the imaging furnace was developed to study the decomposition of metal sulfides it is obviously suited to conduct high-temperature studies on most materials relevant for high-temperature solar technology.     

Estimation of errors of hydrogen standard time scale preservation taking account of systematic frequency changes

Metrological characteristics of active hydrogen frequency standards are investigated on the basis of internal and external comparisons. The stability of random changes and drift of hydrogen frequency standards and also the potential capabilities of time scale preservation with effective consideration of systematic changes in their frequency are demonstrated. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3. pp. 42–45, March, 2007.     

Prediction of higher heating values for saturated fatty acids from their physical properties

Higher heating values (HHVs) of fatty acids (C₄–C₁₈) were measured and correlated using linear least square regression analysis. Equations were developed for the estimation of the HHVs of saturated fatty acids from their molecular weight (Mw), density (DN) and carbon number (CN). These equations are HHV = 0.0518 Mw + 29.76, HHV = −93.4 DN + 122.67 and HHV = 0.7271 CN + 31.419 with R² values of 0.9895, 0.9798, and 0.9895, respectively. The correlations may be used for HHV estimation of mixtures of fatty acids developed from vegetable oils.     

USL和USK系列振动筛防噪技术分析

为了改善筛分机械的使用环境，降低筛分机械的噪声，从噪声源入手，从内因和外因两个方面分析了筛分机噪声的形成原因。论述了USL和USK系列振动筛在降低噪声方面所采取的先进技术措施。     

伴随内转换电子发射的俄歇电子能量及强度计算

简要介绍了伴随内转换电子发射产生的俄歇电子能量与强度的计算方法、计算程序及工作流程，并以^129Iβ^-衰变为例说明其具体应用。     

浅谈热水采暖系统运行调整方法

介绍了热水采暖系统运行及调整的注意事项，分析了立支管阀门、集气罐的作用，提出了使热水采暖系统的调节和集排气操作达到理想程度的有效措施，以实现良好的供暖效果。     

管道内壁阴极保护技术

阴极保护技术已广泛应用于管道的外防腐,而在管道的内防腐中还存在只适用于大口径管道、保护距离短、阳极与管道内壁绝缘难、安装复杂等问题。为此,江汉油田设计院开展了管道内壁阴极保护技术研究工作。试验证明,管道内壁采用强制电流和牺牲阳极阴极保护完全可行,用在柔性阳极或带状锌合金、铝合金牺牲阳极上外套打孔塑料管或塑料网的安装方式成功地解决了管道内壁阴极保护存在的上述问题,具有适用范围广、施工工艺简单、经济方便等优点。文章着重介绍了塑料套管或塑料网阳极安装方式及其模拟试验、现场试验的条件和结果。     

股票期权的会计处理方法研究

经理人股票期权是对管理者实行的长期激励制度，由于我国制度上的缺陷，目前在我国没有统一的处理方法，本文讨论的主要是在国际上股票期权的确认、计量以及在会计报表中披露的会计方法。     

电加热井的井筒温度场数学模型

运用传热学理论，通过对稠油从井底流出井筒的温度变化、井筒原油与地层之间热交换过程的传热机理研究，建立数学模型，可以模拟不同产量、不同含水的井筒温度剖面，以及电加热所需功率，从而为稠油井电加热生产方案的制定提供科学依据。