金属熔体的电磁成形与凝固

材料的电磁加工是当今材料加工技术领域研究和发展的一个重点。本文简述作为材料电磁加工技术理论基础的电磁流体力学的基本内容，给出电磁场各种的基本原理，着重阐述电磁力和焦耳热在金属熔体电磁成形与凝固过程中的应用。     

Activation energy and binary chemical reaction on unsteady MHD Williamson nanofluid containing motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms

The author presents the influence of Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics Williamson nanofluid with motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms. The governing equations are converted to coupled ordinary differential equations with similarity transformations and the fifth‐order Runge‐Kutta Fehlberg method and the shooting algorithm is applied to solve these equations using the appropriate boundary conditions. A detailed investigation considering the effects of different physical parameters on the profiles like velocity, temperature, concentration, and density of motile gyrotactic micro‐organisms was done and plotted graphically. It is found that the thermal boundary layer enhances for the chemical reaction rate and the solutal boundary layer increases for activation energy. Furthermore, the nondimensional Williamson parameter reduces for the velocity profile. The author studied the wall temperature gradient of different fluids and found that temperature gradient decreased for the present study. Comparisons of the present result with published work were done to verify the present code.     

Nonlinear Boussinesq buoyancy driven flow and radiative heat transport of magnetohybrid nanoliquid in an annulus: A statistical framework

The effect of nonlinear Boussinesq buoyancy force on the flow of Cu-Al₂O₃-H₂O hybrid nanoliquid in a vertical annulus, which is adjacent to the radial magnetic field and thermal radiation, is analyzed through a statistical approach. The phenomena of movement of annuli are taken into account. The aspect of nonlinear density temperature is also accounted based on nonlinear Boussinesq approximation (NBA). The exact solution is obtained for the two-point boundary value problem comprised dimensionless governing equations. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number expressions are also estimated. The impacts of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number distributions are analyzed. The statistical techniques, such as correlation coefficient, probable error, and a multivariate regression model, are employed for the detailed analysis. It is found that the NBA is favorable for the skin friction coefficient and the rate of heat transfer. The maximum heat transfer is found on the wall of the internal annuli.     

垂直稳恒磁场下Fe-纳米Si颗粒复合电沉积

在垂直稳恒磁场中采用纳米复合电沉积法制备Fe-Si复合镀层.研究了磁场强度和电流密度对阴极电流效率和镀层Si颗粒含量的影响规律,并采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱对所得镀层进行分析.施加垂直磁场后,随着磁场强度增大,阴极电流效率呈现先上升后下降的趋势;镀层Si颗粒质量分数在0.2T达到最大值20.17%,比无磁场下提高了10.4%;镀层表面形貌也发生显著变化,多处形成\     

Effects of magnetic fields on Fe-Si composite electrodeposition

Coatings containing Fe-Si particles were electrodeposited on 3.0wt% Si steel sheets under magnetic fields. The effects of magnetic flux density （MFD）, electrode arrangement and current density on the surface morphology, the silicon content in the coatings and the cathode current efficiency were investigated. When a magnetic field was applied parallel to the current and when the MFD was less than 0.5 T, numerous needle-like structures appeared on the coating surface. With increasing MFD, the needle-like structures weakened and were transformed into dome-shaped structures. Meanwhile, compared to results obtained in the absence of a magnetic field, the silicon content in the coatings significantly increased as the MFD was increased for all of the samples obtained using a vertical electrode system. However, in the case of an aclinic electrode system, the silicon content decreased. Furthermore, the cathode current efficiency was considerably diminished when a magnetic field was applied. A possible mechanism for these phenomena was discussed.     

Two‐dimensional numerical simulation on performance of liquid metal MHD generator

The performance of a liquid metal MHD generator is investigated with a two‐dimensional numerical simulation. The effects of the electrode length, the position of current lead connection, and the insertion of an insulator on the performance are examined taking account of the current flow in the electrode. There exists an optimal electrode length for a given distribution of applied magnetic flux density. For a short electrode, the efficiency decreases because the power output becomes small. For a long electrode, on the other hand, the efficiency also decreases owing to the leakage current from the upstream and downstream edges of the electrode. An optimal current lead position was revealed. This fact is ascribed to the distributions of induced magnetic field and the current flow in the electrode. It was found that insertion of the insulator is effective for improving the performance, by which the eddy current can be reduced. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(1): 25–32, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20165     

An MHD-based treatment of electrolysis in magnetic fields generated inside a solenoid

The effect of magnetic field superposition on electrolysis carried out in magnetic fields generated inside a solenoid is analysed using the theory of magnetohydrodynamics. It is shown that induced field inhomogeneity is responsible for the creation of local vortex motion which enhances ionic mass transport rates. A detailed vorticity analysis of two laboratory-scale, and a pilot plant-scale experimental magnetoelectrolytic cell serves for illustration.     

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF HYDROMAGNETIC GRAVITY-DRIVEN THIN FILM MICROPOLAR FLOW ALONG AN INCLINED PLANE

The steady, gravity-driven, incompressible, hydromagnetic, laminar flow of a viscous, electrically conducting, micropolar liquid along an inclined plane subjected to a uniform transverse magnetic field is examined, neglecting surface tension effects. The governing two-dimensional boundary layer equations in an (x, y) coordinate in the absence of pressure gradient are reduced to a pair of ordinary differential equations for linear momentum and angular momentum conservation subject to generalized micro-rotation and velocity boundary conditions at the plane surface. The film thickness is assumed uniform along the plane. The reduced conservation equations are then nondimensionalized and solved numerically with the network simulation method (NSM) and Sparrow-Quack-Boerner local non-similarity method (LNM) for a wide range of the governing dimensionless fluid dynamics parameters. Excellent agreement is obtained between the NSM and LNM solutions. The computations indicate that increasing micropolarity, i.e., Eringen number, elevates micro-rotation magnitudes but reduces linear velocity, i.e., decelerates the flow. The study has significant applications in magnetic field control of materials processing systems.     

多泵磁流体动力学角速度传感器的低频拓展设计研究

针对磁流体动力角速度传感器对低频(＜1 Hz)信号检测性能差的问题,在原有的角速度传感器的基础上提出了一种含多磁流体动力泵的角速度传感器.采用改进传感器机械结构的方法,在流体通道边缘周向上均匀构建多个磁流体动力泵,并优化了流体泵磁极形状,以提高流体传感环中径向流速分布大小与稳定性,增强低频下科里奥利力效应.仿真与实验结...     

Production of nonequilibrium plasma and MHD interaction in disk MHD channel

The production of nonequilibrium plasma and the fluid flow with the MHD interaction are examined experimentally with a shock‐tube driven disk channel with no loading electrodes. For low magnetic flux density and low seed fraction, where nonuniform and unsteady plasma is generated, the static pressure decreases monotonically in the radial direction, although the pressure increases in the entire region of the channel in comparison with the value under no MHD interaction. For magnetic flux density and seed fraction above some critical values, a fairly uniform plasma is produced. The static pressure, however, is found to increase abruptly in the channel and the total pressure is considerably reduced at the location, where the abrupt pressure increase occurs. These facts imply that steady and uniform plasma should be produced without locally constricted strong Lorentz force to improve the adiabatic efficiency of a disk MHD generator. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(4): 42–49, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1137