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41.
Bamboo strips treated with caustic solutions of different concentrations, e.g., 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 50%, were subjected to mechanical testing giving stresses on tensile strength, percent elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and toughness. The change in average density was ?15%, and the weight loss value shows a maximum of 21.94% at 50% alkali treatment. The mechanical properties of bamboo strips increase steadily with increasing concentration of caustic soda, showing a comparable increased value at 15 and 20%, and then exhibiting a gradual fall. The percent elongation at break corroborates these observations showing a continuous decreasing trend. The properties under investigation exhibit a clear transition in between 15 and 20% alkali concentration. The morphology of strips was studied by scanning electron microscope and polarizing light microscope. The crystal structure of both untreated and treated strips was compared by XRD analysis. In both cases, the breakdown of the crystal structures of the cellulose fibers and the recrystallization or reorientation of the degraded chains that are devoid of hemicellulose are quite apparent. However, at a very high concentration (to the extent of 25%) the breakdown of structure predominates much more over the reorientation or recrystallization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
42.
Despite the common use of tapping-mode atomic force microscopy to image composites or polymer blends, very few studies have focused on the measurement of the interdiffusion at an interface between two polymers in contact. In this study, we show how to assess the interphase between two polymers with two methods. First, stable and robust tapping conditions are established, and the problem of the phase contrast is discussed. Second, a contact-resonance method is presented: the tip in contact with the sample is electrostatically excited at its resonance frequency by a self-controlled oscillator. The gain and frequency images allow us to measure the interdiffusion width. Both methods (using high and weak mechanical solicitation) give the same assessment of the interdiffusion width. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
43.
Khalid Mahmood Zia Mehdi Barikani Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti Mohammad Zuber Haq Nawaz Bhatti 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(3):1840-1849
A series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(?‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
44.
This paper presents a novel process for the fabrication of pultruded polyurethane (PU) composites. The effects of the processing parameters on the mechanical properties (flexural strength and flexural modulus, etc.) and thermal properties (HDT) of the fibre reinforced PU composites by pultrusion have been studied. The processing parameters investigated include pulling rate (in-line speed), die temperature, filler type and content, and post-cure time and temperature. Results show that the composites possessed various optimum pulling rates at different die temperatures. On the basis of the DSC diagram, the swelling ratio, the mechanical properties and the thermal properties of composites, the optimum die temperature can be determined. It is found that the mechanical and thermal properties increase with filler content for various types of filler. The mechanical and thermal properties increase at a suitable post-cure temperature and time. Furthermore, the properties which decreased due to the degradation of composite materials for a long post-cure time will be discussed. 相似文献
45.
采用通用蒙特卡罗粒子输运程序MCNP/38计算低环径比Tokamak(紧凑环或球形环)聚变堆第一壁及中心导体上的中子壁负荷分布和核热沉积分布,并与常规Tokamak堆第一壁上中子壁负荷分布和核热沉积分布进行比较、分析。结果表明,在中子壁负荷归一化为1MW/m2时,与常规Tokamak相比,在低环径比Tokamak堆第一壁及中心柱表面上中子壁负荷分布峰值并不比常规Tokamak堆第一壁上的峰值高,而且低于低环径比Tokamak堆整个第一壁上的平均值,而中心柱上的核热沉积峰值稍高于常规Tokamak堆第一壁上的核热沉积峰值,但对较高中子壁负荷情况,中心导体柱上的核热沉积和辐照损伤仍可能是比较严重和值得特别研究的问题。 相似文献
46.
Motonobu Yoshikawa Hiroshi Nakajima Takeshi Inada Yasushi Harada Masahiko Amano Yuji Nakata 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1995,115(7):29-39
A new practical method is proposed which gives a quasi-optimal solution of the dynamic load-dispatching problem formulated by a multiconstraint multiobjective optimization problem. Here, the multiple constraints are rate reserve constraints and power flow ones, and the multiple objectives are fuel cost and CO2 emission. The proposed method is an integration of the following three techniques: (1) “Group Dispatch Scheme,” which is developed by the authors, is used to satisfy a violated constraint easily. This scheme consists of three steps. The first step is to classify all generators into two groups. One is the group which should be more loaded to satisfy the violated constraint, and the other is the should-be less loaded group. The second step is to add some load to the former group, and to subtract the same load from the latter. The third step is to dispatch each group load to each groups generators, respectively; (2) the dynamic load-dispatching algorithm is used which provides, in practical time, quasi-optimal generation trajectories; (3) the conventional weighting parametric method is used to obtain a Pareto optimal solution of multiobjective problems. The effectiveness of the method is clarified by a computer simulation on the actual power system of Kansai Electric Power Company. 相似文献
47.
本文研究了浸胶工艺对Nomex蜂窝性能的影响,分析探讨了提高Nomex蜂窝性能及外观质量的途径。研究结果表明:采取新的浸胶工艺制作的Nomex蜂窝,各项性能全面达到法国宇航材料标准。 相似文献
48.
根据7号高炉中控室供电状况,进行了供电平衡分析。调整两段负荷,使供电平衡安全。 相似文献
49.
Failure analysis and a study of the wear mechanism were performed on a heavily loaded carburized gear with some unusual features. The analysis showed that the different failure forms on the tooth surface of the gear were dependent on the sub-surface shearing stress, the lubrication conditions and the surface roughness. Delaminations formed on the addendum surface were the main reason for the gear failure. A suggestion for improvement has been tried, and a desirable result has been obtained. 相似文献
50.
E.F. Thacher 《Energy Conversion and Management》1985,25(4):519-525
With the object of evaluating its importance to thermoelectric generator design, heat loss is introduced into the standard thermoelectric generator design theory. The theory for both the constant hot and cold junction temperatures model and the constant heat input model are so modified. The modification is first order and, therefore, is limited to small leg heat-transfer coefficients. Numerical results using representative properties show that significant differences can exist between the optimum geometry and performance of a generator idealized as lossless and those of a generator designed by the modified theory. The largest differences occur with the constant heat input model. 相似文献