基于变论域模糊PI的永磁同步电机无传感控制

受到带通滤波器的影响,永磁同步电机(PMSM)脉振注入法中转子位置估算精度较低。为此,提出了一种基于变论域模糊PI的PMSM无传感控制法。利用变论域模糊的方法对转速环上固定的PI参数进行动态调节,达到减少系统延时、提高转子位置估算精度的目的。仿真的结果表明,变论域模糊PI能够用于转子位置估算,并且比传统PI无传感控制法减少了0.331°平均误差。     

Ovule Development and in Planta Transformation of Paphiopedilum Maudiae by Agrobacterium-Mediated Ovary-Injection

In this paper, the development of the Paphiopedilum Maudiae embryo sac at different developmental stages after pollination was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The mature seeds of P. Maudiae consisted of an exopleura and a spherical embryo, but without an endosperm, while the inner integument cells were absorbed by the developing embryo. The P. Maudiae embryo sac exhibited an Allium type of development. The time taken for the embryo to develop to a mature sac was 45-50 days after pollination (DAP) and most mature embryo sacs had completed fertilization and formed zygotes by about 50–54 DAP. In planta transformation was achieved by injection of the ovaries by Agrobacterium, resulting in 38 protocorms or seedlings after several rounds of hygromycin selection, corresponding to 2, 7, 5, 1, 3, 4, 9, and 7 plantlets from Agrobacterium-mediated ovary-injection at 30, 35, 42, 43, 45, 48, 50, and 53 DAP, respectively. Transformation efficiency was highest at 50 DAP (2.54%), followed by 2.48% at 53 DAP and 2.45% at 48 DAP. Four randomly selected hygromycin-resistant plants were GUS-positive after PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the expression of the hpt gene in the leaves of eight hygromycin-resistant seedlings following Agrobacterium-mediated ovary-injection at 30, 35, 42, 43, 45, 48, 50, and 53 DAP, while hpt expression was not detected in the control. The best time to inject P. Maudiae ovaries in planta with Agrobacterium is 48-53 DAP, which corresponds to the period of fertilization. This protocol represents the first genetic transformation protocol for any Paphiopedilum species and will allow for expanded molecular breeding programs to introduce useful and interesting genes that can expand its ornamental and horticulturally important characteristics.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的电力虚假数据注入攻击检测方法

能源互联网的主体是基于状态估计下的电力系统。虚假数据注入攻击（FDIA）通过恶意篡改或注入电力数据,进而引发错误的状态估计结果。这种攻击方式存在引发大面积停电事故的风险,严重影响能源互联网的正常运行。在matpower 4.0中的IEEE-14节点系统上,利用以残差方程为基础的标准残差检测法和目标函数极值法,对FDIA进行了检测实验。提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的FDIA检测方法,并在MATLAB上进行了验证。实验结果表明,该方法可以在短时间内发现FDIA的发生。     

超超临界锅炉喷氨优化与调整

某厂超超临界燃煤火电机组已完成超低排放改造,实现烟尘、SO₂和NO_x排放浓度远低于10 mg/Nm³、35 mg/Nm³和50 mg/Nm³。但锅炉中脱硝系统氨逃逸过大,导致脱硝系统后面的烟道内空预器及低温省煤器堵塞严重,严重影响了机组运行安全。通过测量该锅炉SCR反应器出口NOx浓度及氨逃逸量等参数,基于实测数据分析对锅炉喷氨量进行优化调整,降低SCR反应器出口氨逃逸量,从而有效缓解空预器及低温省煤器的堵塞状况,保证机组的高效安全运行。     

基于UGII平台的注塑模具三维运动仿真

分析了典型注塑模具的结构及运动特点,介绍了注塑模具的运动仿真原理及其过程,最后基于UGII软件平台,以数码相机结构件模具为例,实现开模、脱模和合模的三维运动仿真,从而为注塑模具的设计提供了一定的可预见性,确保其结构的合理性。     

Role of Scaffolds,Subchondral, Intra-Articular Injections of Fresh Autologous Bone Marrow Concentrate Regenerative Cells in Treating Human Knee Cartilage Lesions: Different Approaches and Different Results

The value of bone marrow aspirate concentrates for treatment of human knee cartilage lesions is unclear. Most of the studies were performed with intra-articular injections. However, subchondral bone plays an important role in the progression of osteoarthritis. We investigated by a literature review whether joint, subchondral bone, or/and scaffolds implantation of fresh autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrated (BMAC) containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) would improve osteoarthritis (OA). There is in vivo evidence that suggests that all these different approaches (intra-articular injections, subchondral implantation, scaffolds loaded with BMAC) can improve the patient. This review analyzes the evidence for each different approach to treat OA. We found that the use of intra-articular injections resulted in a significant relief of pain symptoms in the short term and was maintained in 12 months. However, the clinical trials indicate that the application of autologous bone marrow concentrates in combination with scaffolds or in injection in the subchondral bone was superior to intra-articular injection for long-term results. The tendency of MSCs to differentiate into fibrocartilage affecting the outcome was a common issue faced by all the studies when biopsies were performed, except for scaffolds implantation in which some hyaline cartilage was found. The review suggests also that both implantation of subchondral BMAC and scaffolds loaded with BMAC could reduce the need for further surgery.     

Formation of Proto-Kranz in C3 Rice Induced by Spike-Stalk Injection Method

Introduction of C4 photosynthetic traits into C3 crops is an important strategy for improving photosynthetic capacity and productivity. Here, we report the research results of a variant line of sorghum–rice (SR) plant with big panicle and high spikelet density by introducing sorghum genome DNA into rice by spike-stalk injection. The whole-genome resequencing showed that a few sorghum genes could be integrated into the rice genome. Gene expression was confirmed for two C4 photosynthetic enzymes containing pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Exogenous sorghum DNA integration induced a series of key traits associated with the C4 pathway called “proto-Kranz” anatomy, including leaf thickness, bundle sheath number and size, and chloroplast size in bundle sheath cells. Significantly, transgenic plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic capacity resulting from both photosynthetic CO₂-concentrating effect and improved energy balance, which led to an increase in carbohydrate levels and productivity. Furthermore, such rice plant exhibited delayed leaf senescence. In summary, this study provides a proof for the feasibility of inducing the transition from C3 leaf anatomy to proto-Kranz by spike-stalk injection to achieve efficient photosynthesis and increase productivity.     

基于电磁耦合注入的电力电缆局部缺陷在线定位方法

为了解决现有频域反射方法仅能在离线情况下对电缆缺陷进行定位检测的不足,提出了一种基于频域反射法和电磁耦合技术的电缆缺陷在线定位方法。首先,依据电缆分布参数模型对含有局部缺陷的电缆进行仿真建模,分析了不同电容变化程度的缺陷点与不同测试频率对电缆缺陷定位效果的影响。然后,探究了传感器结构对信号注入效率的影响。最后,分别在实验室105 m和500 m电力电缆上进行验证,在离线测试情况下,通过改变105 m电缆末端负载阻值,模拟不同电缆负载下的线路情况,并分析其对局部缺陷处和电缆末端处反射强度的影响。在带电测试情况下,通过串联谐振平台对500 m电缆进行通电,利用所提在线定位方法对该电缆进行测试,以检验所提方法的有效性。仿真及实验结果表明：相较于电缆离线定位测试方法,该方法能够在电缆通电的状态下,实现对电缆缺陷点的在线定位,且具有较高定位精度和识别灵敏度。     

基于拓扑篡改的电力市场虚假数据注入攻击方案

从攻击者的角度出发,在直流状态估计框架下提出了一种基于拓扑篡改的虚假数据注入攻击(FDIA)方案.首先,通过分析攻击后由网络拓扑处理器计算所得拓扑结构与传感器测量结果的一致性以及对比攻击前、后的残差,给出可以躲避拓扑误差处理检测以及残差检测的隐蔽攻击定义;然后,基于上述定义以及攻击向量列空间的隐蔽条件,提出一种FDIA方案,通过求解凸规划问题实现在保证隐蔽性的同时获得最大发电收益;最后,基于标准IEEE 9节点及14节点系统对所提方案的有效性进行验证.结果表明,与现有FDIA方案相比,所提将拓扑篡改与FDIA相结合的攻击方案具有更强的隐蔽性且获利更大.     

生物质能在炼铁领域应用的研究现状及展望

 在国家碳达峰和碳中和目标下,炼铁行业在改进生产技术的同时,开发可替代的新型能源以减少一次化石燃料的消耗,是实现其低碳发展的必由之路。生物质能作为一种清洁可再生能源,具有来源广泛、环境友好和碳中性等特点。天然生物质能挥发分含量高、易燃烧,而热解后的生物炭的理化性能与煤粉接近,将生物质能作为燃料和还原剂应用于炼铁生产,可以有效发挥其节能减排作用。在分析生物质能理化性能的基础上,系统阐述了生物质能在制备焦炭、高炉喷吹、烧结、球团工序中应用的研究现状。首先指出,生物质和煤粉的共热解技术是利用生物质混煤炼焦的关键。为了推进生物质焦炭在高炉冶炼中的应用,需要加强生物质焦炭对高炉软熔带透气透液性的影响研究。其次,生物质的热值、燃烧特征温度和燃烧率是影响生物质混煤喷吹效果的主要因素。提出开发生物质协同煤粉造气新技术可以拓宽高炉喷吹用生物质能的选择范围,并可生产优质富氢还原煤气用于高炉喷吹。第三,指出用适量的生物质能替代焦粉或煤粉进行铁矿粉烧结,可以保证烧结矿的质量,并产生显著的减排效果。在制备生物质含碳球团时,需要严格控制生物质的添加量,以获得高金属化率和适宜黏结性指数的球团。在今后的研究中应重点进行生物质的种类和添加量对烧结矿和球团矿质量的影响研究。最后,指出目前生物质能炼焦、高炉喷煤、烧结和球团中的应用还多处于基础研究阶段,建议今后应加快生物质能在炼铁各工序生产中的应用实践,以进一步评估生物质能在炼铁领域的使用效果和应用潜力。