球团法处理冶金废料

介绍了两种处理冶金废料的方法：冷固结团块法和微型竖炉球团法。冷固结团块法系采用氧化焙烧一冷固结团块工艺，这种方法可有效地除去废料中杂质，生产出的团块质量好；微型竖炉球团又分鼓风竖炉和抽风竖炉两种工艺。两种竖炉均可生产出质量良好的球团矿，两种方法实践证明，技术上是可行的，经济上是合算的。团块和球团矿符合转炉炼钢的要求。     

含硼铁精矿作球团矿含硼添加剂的探索

以铁精矿为原料,以含硼铁精矿或硼泥为添加剂,研究了不同添加剂情况下,球团矿的技术指标和还原度,分析了含硼铁精矿提高球团矿的强度和冶金性能的原因.对含硼铁精矿作球团矿含硼添加剂进行了探索.研究表明:含硼铁精矿是一种良好的球团矿含硼添加剂.     

铁矿球团生球的固结机理及强化途径

通过生球强度破坏机理分析,得出通过对造球原料进行润磨可以有效的增大晶粒间的范德华力,增加生球的机械强度,添加能够通过范德华力、静电力、氢键、化学键、配位键等与铁矿颗粒表面发生作用的粘结剂也可以有效地提高生球的机械强度;提高球团的爆裂温度的有效方法是均衡球团表面气化和内部扩散作用,均衡球团表面气化和内部扩散作用的主要措施是降低球团表面气化的速度,使表面扩散速度减小,添加具有亲水基的有机粘结剂和膨润土可以降低自由水或毛细水的扩散速度,提高球团的爆裂温度;通过对造球原料的改性对生球的强度的提高是有限的,添加有机粘结剂或复合粘结剂强化生球强度仍然是今后发展的一个重要方向。     

LWR Fuel Safety Research with Particular Emphasis on RIA/LOCA and Other Conditions

Fuel safety research at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) is reviewed on the major subjects including studies on fuel behavior under postulated Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA), postulated Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) and normal operating conditions. Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) at JAERI has been utilized extensively for the studies of fuel behavior under RIA conditions. For the studies of fuel rod and cladding behavior under LOCA conditions, outpile experiments were conducted. The work on this subject has been concluded. Pellet Cladding Interaction (PCI) has been major subject on fuel integrity study during normal operating conditions. Irradiation experiments at Halden Boiling Water Reactor (HBWR) as well as code development are described.     

Phase and Microstructural Characterization of Iron Ore Pellet and their Relation with Cold Crushing Strength Test

In the production of the pellets, phase identification for specific sintering condition is of prime importance in understanding the basis for the production and the required properties. The application of a methodology involving optical and scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD opened a broad possibility to establish a base for the relationship between heat-treated pellet microstructural features and cold crushing strength. The first results from the conjoined application of these techniques show that the cold crushing strength of the pellet increase with the decrease of porosity, the appearance of the fayalite, as well as the presence of magnetite-unoxidized.     

Study on the Structures of Two Booster Pellets Having High Initiation Capacity

Insensitive munitions (IM) improve the survivability of both weapons and their associated platforms, which can lead to a reduction in casualties, mission losses, and whole life costs. All weapon systems contain an explosive train that needs to meet IM criteria but reliably initiate a main charge explosive. To ensure that these diametrically opposed requirements can be achieved, new highly effective booster charge structures were designed. The initiation capacity of the two booster pellets was studied using varied composition and axial-steel-dent methods. The results showed that the two new booster pellets can initiate standard main charge pellets with less explosive mass than the ordinary cylindrical booster pellet. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experiment results.     

Comparison of mechanical properties of ground corn stover,switchgrass, and willow and their pellet qualities

Mechanical and physical properties of ground corn stover, switchgrass, and willow were measured and compared in addition to the quality of pellets. Biomass was size-reduced with two different screen sizes (3.175 and 6.35?mm) and conditioned to obtain samples at two different moisture contents (17.5 and 20% on wet basis). Ground switchgrass had the smallest and willow had the highest D₅₀ when size-reduced with the same screen size. Hydrostatic triaxial compression tests were performed using the cubical triaxial tester to determine the bulk modulus, compression index, and spring-back index at specific unloading pressures (20, 45, 70, and 95?kPa). The trends of pressure vs. volumetric strain and void ratio vs. natural log of pressure were similar for all three materials; however, the magnitudes were different. Willow, size-reduced with 3.175?mm screen size at 17.5% wet basis, had the highest bulk modulus among different conditions of all the three biomass. Pellet durability values for all the three materials were higher than 80%. Corn stover pellets formed with 3.175?mm screen size at 20% wet basis had the highest diametral tensile and axial compressive strengths among different conditions for all the three biomass, however the values were not significantly different (p?>?0.05).     

A comparison of chitosan-silica and sodium starch glycolate as disintegrants for spheronized extruded microcrystalline cellulose pellets

Chitosan-silica coprecipitate (C-S) has recently been proposed as a tablet disintegrant. In this study we compared it with a 1:1 physical mixture of chitosan and silica (C/S) at the same composition as the coprecipitate, and with the widely used commercial disintegrant sodium starch glycolate (SSG), as regards to its behavior in spheronized extruded pellets of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) containing hydrochlorothiazide as a typical poorly water-soluble drug. In all three cases, possible synergism between the disintegrant (0–5%) and sorbitol (0–50%) was also evaluated. All the formulations examined exhibited appropriate morphology and had satisfactory mechanical and flow properties. Drug release depended mainly on sorbitol content, however C-S accelerated drug release at all sorbitol levels (the fastest release was from 50% sorbitol pellets with C-S, which disintegrated), whereas C/S did not vary drug release from pellets, and SSG depressed drug release, especially from 50% sorbitol pellets.