有机朗肯循环在多品位余热发电中的应用

低温余热的充分利用能够有效提高能源的利用效率、降低生产企业的能耗。本文以含硫天然气净化厂生产过程产生的余热为研究对象，对余热资源品位、余热回收潜能进行了分析和评价。通过对不同的余热发电方案进行分析对比，提出了以有机朗肯循环（ORC）为基础的多品位余热发电方案（MG-ORC），并对该发电方案进行了热力学分析。借助正交实验手段和多目标优化方法，对不同循环工质条件下MG-ORC发电方案的性能进行了对比分析，结果表明：工质R-600较其余4种工质表现出更优的综合性能，MG-ORC发电系统热效率为17.7%，净输出功率约2600kW。MG-ORC发电方案能够有效合理利用含硫天然气净化厂产生的余热，实现了能源的按质用能和梯级利用。     

Modelling water flow,nitrogen transport and root uptake including physical non-equilibrium and optimization of the root water potential

A model is presented for the simulation of water flow, heat flow, and nitrate and ammonium transport. Two approaches are used for modelling plant water uptake as well as for plant nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen transformations are accounted for in a very simple way. This paper focuses mainly on water flow modelling, solute transport, and water uptake. Richards' equation is used to model water flow in layered soil profiles with a great variety of boundary conditions. Solute transport is simulated with either a simple convection dispersion equation or with a two-region physical non-equilibrium model to distinguish between mobile and immobile water and solute exchange between these two regions. A macroscopic sink term is added to Richards' equation to account for plant water uptake. This term can be calculated along two different approaches, one of which is based on the concept of root water potential. The root water potential is then continuously optimized to minimize the difference between the climatic demand and the uptake rate.Simulation results are compared with field data from the Netherlands to illustrate the degree to which the model is able to predict water flow, solute transport and plant water uptake. The root water potential optimization model seems to provide the best prediction of water distribution. In particular the shape of the profile, revealing uptake patterns, is quite well reproduced with this model. Comparison of simulated and observed water content profiles seems also to reveal the presence of preferential pathways. The comparisons show also how predicted solute distributions can be improved by using a two-region approach rather than a simple convection-dispersion model.     

MCM-41-supported Co-Mo catalysts for deep hydrodesulfurization of light cycle oil

Light cycle oil (LCO), a by-product of the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process in a petroleum refinery, can be used as a blendstock for the production of diesel and jet fuels. Regulatory and operational issues result in need for new and more active catalysts for the deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of diesel feedstocks, such as LCO. This paper reports the activity of a mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41-supported Co-Mo catalyst in comparison to a commercial γ-alumina (Al₂O₃)-supported Co-Mo catalyst for the desulfurization of a LCO with a sulfur content of 2.19 wt.%. The HDS of dibenzothiophene, 4-methyldibenzothiophene, and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene—polyaromatic sulfur compounds present in LCO—and their relative reactivities in terms of conversion were examined as a function of time on stream in a fixed-bed flow reactor. The MCM-41-supported catalyst demonstrates consistently higher activity for the HDS of the refractory dibenzothiophenic sulfur compounds, particularly 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. The presence of a large concentration of aromatics in LCO appears to inhibit the HDS of the substituted dibenzothiophenes.     

防止设备结垢延长乙烯装置运行周期

设备结垢堵塞问题已成为乙烯装置长周期运转的难点。笔者重点论述了急冷油塔和冷箱的结垢问题及防范措施。     

混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的环境因素研究现状

硫酸盐侵蚀是水泥混凝土结构病害劣化的主要原因之一.海水、盐湖、地下水等环境中大多含有硫酸盐,混凝土组分本身也有可能带有硫酸盐,而它们在各种条件下对混凝土产生腐蚀作用,使其发生破坏.文章分析了阳离子、阴离子、硫酸盐浓度、温度、PH值、干湿循环及冻融循环、荷载作用等因素对混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的影响,综述了目前的研究现状,指出了当前研究成果中的成就与不足.     

5000t/d水泥窑Kalina循环余热发电系统应用

根据氨-水混合物的物性,讨论了不同热源温度下Kalina循环适用的工质参数匹配,以5 000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线为研究对象,将Kalina循环系统用于水泥窑余热发电.通过系统的流程仿真模拟,得出了Kalina循环在给定废热条件下的做功能力及系统热力学性能.计算结果表明,Kalina循环系统比Rank ine循环系统发电功率提高20.4%,热效率绝对值提高2.66%,效率达到44.31%.     

基于改进的BASS模型的服装产品生命周期研究

为提高服装的销售预测准确度,通过产品的生命周期曲线模型,使得服装销售预测的定性分析与定量预测有机地结合在一起。针对目前服装产品生命周期曲线模型的局限性,引入改进的BASS模型,对服装产品生命周期进行研究。通过销售实例探讨改进的BASS模型用于描述服装生命周期的可行性,建立了以改进的BASS模型为基础的服装产品生命周期模型,并利用该模型对服装销售量做预测,取得了比其他模型更高的精度。     

混合装配线过程平衡研究与仿真

生产过程的混合装配线平衡问题,分为在确定条件下的最小生产循环单元的静态平衡问题和不确定条件修正过后的动平衡问题.针对确定工位条件下的混装生产线,构建其静态平衡模型,分析不确定因素,并以操作工人的操作时间不确定性为例,研究时间不确定性动态平衡.利用Flexsim软件,通过仿真进行了验证.相关实验验证了上述方法和结论的正确性.     

我国房地产周期和金融稳定的关系研究

通过SPSS相关性分析了我国的房地产周期对金融稳定的影响程度.针对我国现在存在的问题,提出了加强房地产信贷监管力度、控制房地产投资与信贷投入比、强化土地储备贷款的管理、规范个人住房贷款业务和加强商业银行房地产金融人才的培养等五个方面的建议,来减少房地产周期波动对金融稳定的影响.     

Dielectric and pyroelectric characteristics of the infrared sensitive (Pb1?xSrx)TiO3 ceramics

PST ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated successfully by a two-step method, i e first, PbTiO₃ and SrTiO₃ were sintered respectively, then mixed and sintered together. The process and characteristics of PST ferroelectric ceramics were introduced and researched. Their dielectric and pyroelectric characteristics are as follows dielectric constant 10⁴ order, low dielectric loss (lower than 3.0% in the working frequency range of 1–1 000 kHz), saturation polarization intensity 10⁻¹ C/m² order, and pyroelectric coefficient 10⁻³ C/m²·K order.