冷却水运动物理模拟的理论与实践

本文是我国半个多世纪来火,核电厂冷却水运动模型试验研究的一个简要历史回顾。在整体分析水力热力模拟难点和解决途径的基础上,对此领域中常遇见的比较复杂的物理模拟问题所做的一些理论探索、工程模型实践和原体检验作了概括性阐述,包括分别含有风吹、冰冻、波浪、喷气防沙等环境效应的冷却水运动模拟。介绍重点放在实现这种复杂模拟的指导思想和具体措施上,伴以工程实际应用实例说明。     

京南水电站机组轴承冷却系统降低油温的技术改造

分析了京南水电站机组轴承冷却系统在运行中出现冷却水温度过高的原因,提出了以河水代替循环冷却水的技术改造方案,并论述了改造方法和效果.     

基于中包钢水连续测温的二冷配水控制模型与系统

以黑体空腔式中间包钢水连续测温系统所实时获取的钢水温度为基础,建立了板坯传热微分方程和二冷动态配水模型,确定了水量、拉速和过热度三者的关系,设计了基于中间包钢水连续测温的二冷配水控制系统。现场应用表明：所建立的模型有效合理,所开发的控制系统稳定可靠,均能够满足现场生产需要。     

网络机房制冷效率研究

根据相关的调查显示,在传统观念和设计标准的影响下,网络机房存在各种各样的设计缺陷,其中的一些缺陷会导致网络机房内部空间形成热点、降低制冷容错能力、制冷效率和制冷量,从而提高运行成本。网络机房的制冷效率和运行成本的大幅提高成为制约发展的重要因素。文章从网络机房面临的实际问题出发,有针对性地分析了机房设计的典型错误,阐述了其原理和影响,并根据实践经验,介绍了一些简单可行的解决方案。     

模块液体冷却技术及其应用与分析

随着电子技术的迅速发展,电子元器件的总功率密度大幅度增长而物理尺寸却越来越小,而且高温的温度环境会影响电子元器件的性能.有效解决电子元器件的散热问题已成为当前电子元器件和电子设备制造的关键技术,液体冷却技术可在一定程度上适应高热流密度的散热要求.针对模块上电子元器件的液冷问题,该文综述液体冷却的特点,设计不同通道形式的冷板,并进行适当的应用分析.     

辐射换热的波长匹配问题

由于水的选择性吸收特性,辐射换热中水份波长匹配一直是一个有分歧的问题。文章通过理论与计算论证了这个问题,得出的结论否定了波长匹配的重要性。     

基于TRNSYS的气候变化下“冷-热-电”联供系统运行优化

气候变化导致的极端天气给建筑负荷和冷、热、电联供(combined cooling heating and power, CCHP)系统供能策略带来很大的影响,以上海市某医院为主要研究对象,采用PRECIS软件预测该地区2025至2100年的温度变化,利用TRNSYS软件搭建医院能耗模型计算气候变化影响下的全年逐时负荷,构建了考虑负荷变化影响的“冷-热-电”联供系统运行优化模型,最终生成适应气候变化的供能系统运行方案。负荷预测结果表明,极端高温现象导致建筑的冷、热负荷呈现波动变化趋势,可能造成供需失衡,即夏季高温制冷不足和冬天暖冬供暖过剩的问题。与传统优化模型相比,该模型生成的系统协同运行方案可以增强用户体验,实现降本增效。     

Ultrafast Switchable Passive Radiative Cooling Smart Windows with Synergistic Optical Modulation

Switchable passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows can modulate sunlight transmission and spontaneously emit heat to outer space through atmospheric transparent window, presenting great potential in building energy conservation. However, realizing stable and on-demand control of the cooling efficiency for PRC materials is still challenging. Herein, an electro-controlled polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart window showing PRC property is designed and prepared by adding mid-infrared emitting reactive monomers into the conventional PDLC matrix. It is found that not only the electro-optical properties but also the PRC efficiency of PRC PDLC film are tunable by regulating the content of the mid-infrared emitting components, film thickness, and micromorphology. This advanced PRC PDLC material achieves a near/sub-ambient temperature when the solar irradiance is below 400 W m⁻² and can dynamically manage daytime cooling efficiency. Importantly, its PRC efficiency is capable of being tuned in an on-demand and ultrafast millisecond-scale way, whose controllable transparency enables multistage heat regulation. This study is hoped to provide new inspiration in the preparation of advanced optical devices and energy-efficient equipment.     

Combined effects of high-temperature rolling and ultrafast cooling on the mechanical properties of low-carbon steel

The role of ultrafast cooling (UFC) on the grain refinement of ferrite, the precipitation behavior of cementite particles and the mechanical properties of a mild steel (Q235 grade) was evaluated by applying laminar cooling and UFC and varying the finish cooling temperature ranges during UFC after hot rolling. While UFC refined the ferrite grains, it accumulated the degeneration of pearlite, resulting in complete disappearance of the laminar pearlite at relatively low finish cooling temperatures. The minimum mean size of spheroidized cementite particles reached ~110?nm. Meanwhile, the enhancement of UFC on tensile strengths of mild steels mainly resulted from the grain refinement of ferrite and the precipitation strengthening of cementite particles; however, the contribution varied with the finish cooling temperature of UFC. A modified Ashby–Orowan model was also used for evaluating the yield strength increment of medium plates. This work will provide a theoretical basis for the diversity control of microstructure and for developing stronger and tougher mild steels by introducing UFC technology after high-temperature rolling.     

复杂环境下高危双曲线冷却塔爆破拆除

针对在复杂环境下一座高86 m的冷却塔,其部分塔壁、圈梁和人字柱已被机械拆除损毁的特殊结构特点,运用定向爆破技术拆除高危冷却塔。在确保结构稳定和不造成二次破坏的情况下,利用机械开设高减荷槽、定位窗和泄压窗等措施,以损毁部分塔壁作为爆破切口为基础,对爆破切口内的人字柱、圈梁进行爆破;运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立分离式共节点模型,对其倒塌过程进行数值模拟,进而对爆破方案进行验证并为其优化提供参考。