冷热电微电网分布式电源的区间优化模型

随着能源互联网的迅猛发展,多种能源协调运行成为目前研究的热点。基于此,本文研究了含有电热冷三种能源的微电网内分布式电源的最佳规划与运行。首先,文章建立了微电网内各微电源的运行模型（冷热电联供机组,电锅炉,风机,光伏,电热冷储能和电制冷机）。其次,采用了微电网净限值指标来衡量该项目的经济性并得到了各分布式电源的最佳容量及协调运行模式。最后,本文将模型转化为线性模型并采用Matlab-Yalmip 平台调用Cplex 求解器进行仿真求解。仿真结果表明,多能源微电网能实现多种能源的交互和协调调度。同时,本文多能源微电网还与传统的分产微电网系统进行了对比以验证多能源微电网的合理性和必要性。     

蒸汽冷凝液低品位热能回收利用途径及效益

利用炼油厂深加工装置产生的蒸汽冷凝液的低温余热作为热动力,驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷系统制冷,建立10℃的冷冻水系统,取代重整装置使用的部分冷却水,使本来只能冷却到40℃左右的工艺气体进一步冷却,提高气液分离效果,从而增加液化石油气的回收率,同时减少压缩机功耗,使蒸汽冷凝液全量回收作锅炉补水,取得了良好的经济效益和环保效果,为南方炼油厂蒸汽冷凝液低品位热能的回收利用开辟了新的途径.     

延迟焦化装置接触冷却系统存在的问题及优化

延迟焦化接触冷却系统的主要作用是冷却焦炭塔处理塔在大吹汽、给水以及油气预热过程中产生的高温蒸汽及油气。中国石化某延迟焦化装置接触冷却系统在运行中存在接触冷却塔塔底油冷却水箱腐蚀、塔底介质带水以及塔底泵气蚀等问题。通过对接触冷却系统采取停用接触冷却系统冷却水箱、投用接触冷却塔跨线流程、接触冷却塔入口增设雾化喷淋系统、增加接触冷却塔塔底换热器等一系列优化和改造措施,有效地解决了接触冷却系统存在的问题,在节省设备检维修费用的同时全年可降低加工成本7.5万元。     

散热密集孔爆板分层改善探讨

随着电子产品应用技术的不断更新以及功能的完善,板件的散热性能要求越来越高,因此大量的散热密集孔设计应用于印制线路板,由此带来散热密集孔分层的问题。本文通过对密集散热孔裂纹区域的分析、研究,对VIP散热密集孔设计、钻孔参数、烘烤参数进行了试验验证,并提出了散热密集VIP孔爆板分层改善的方向。     

电子器件冷却用重力型热管散热器的实验研究

用发热铜块模拟电子器件 ,油泵回路控制风温 ,毕托管和倾斜式微压计测量风速等方法 ,建立了热管型散热器性能测试系统。对所设计的重力型热管电子器件散热器 ,通过改变散热功率、风速、风温等因素来测试电子器件表面温度的变化。实验结果表明 :重力型热管散热器具有良好的散热性能 ,可满足较高热流密度 (小于 8.5 6× 1 0 4 w/m2 )电子器件的冷却要求。性能测试系统具有良好的精度和可靠性 ,可以作为改进散热器设计的重要手段     

Performance review of a novel combined thermoelectric power generation and water desalination system

A novel combined thermoelectric power generation and water desalination system is described with a system schematic. The proposed system utilises low grade thermal energy to heat thermoelectric generators for power generation and water desalination. A theoretical analysis presents the governing equations to estimate the systems performance characteristics combined with experimental validation. Experimental set-up consists of an electric heat source, thermoelectric modules, heat pipes, a heat sink and an evaporator vessel. Four heat pipes are embedded in a heat spreader block to passively cool the bottom side of the thermoelectric cells. The condenser of these four heat pipes is immersed in a pool of saline water stored in an evaporation vessel which is maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure. The liquid to vapour phase change cooling method achieve low saturation temperature and offers a high heat transfer coefficient for the cooling of the thermoelectric generators. At the same time this method utilises the low temperature heat extracted from the cold side of the thermoelectric generator for water desalination. It was observed that at low saturation temperatures greater heat flux could be supplied to the thermoelectric generators with less heat losses to the atmosphere.     

LSH-416型循环水处理药剂的开发及应用

针对黄河兰州段水质结垢倾向严重的状况,以磺酸类共聚物、聚丙烯酸、磷羧酸盐和有机磷酸Ⅱ为阻垢剂,有机磷酸Ⅱ和锌盐为缓蚀剂,复配出LSH-416型水处理药剂。动态模拟中间试验结果表明,用该药剂处理总硬度为1286.5mg/L、浓缩倍数为6.0、pH值为7.5～8.5的水体时,处理后水质的各项指标均达到了循环水质的标准要求,污垢沉积速率为6.2361mg/(cm2·月),极限污垢热阻为2.44×10-2(m2·h·℃)/J,且各种材质试片的表面光亮,无明显的腐蚀、点蚀现象。     

A study of the thermal performance of reflective coatings for the urban environment

This paper presents the results of a comparative study aiming to investigate the effect of reflective coatings on lowering surface temperatures of buildings and other surfaces of the urban environment, and thus test their suitability to lower ambient temperatures and fight the heat island effect. In total, 14 types of reflective coatings, selected from the international market were studied, from August to October 2004, on a 24 h basis. These coatings are used in buildings and some of them are used or could be used in the future in other surfaces of the urban environment (sidewalks, parking lots, etc.). In order to investigate the thermal performance of the reflective coatings, surface temperature sensors and a data logging system as well as infrared thermography procedures were used. The spectral reflectance and the infrared emittance of the samples were also measured. The collected data have been extensively analyzed. It was demonstrated that the use of reflective coatings can reduce a white concrete tile’s surface temperature under hot summer conditions by 4 °C and during the night by 2 °C. It can be warmer, than the ambient air by only 2 °C during the day and cooler than the ambient air by 5.9 °C during the night. “Cool” coatings present superior thermal performance even compared to other “cool” materials. This study can assist in choosing more appropriate coatings for building envelopes and other surfaces of the urban environment, and thus contribute to the mitigation of the heat island effect as well as the reduction of cooling loads and electricity consumption of buildings.     

Combined cooling, heating and power: A review

Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems, including various technologies, provide an alternative for the world to meet and solve energy-related problems, such as energy shortages, energy supply security, emission control, the economy and conservation of energy, etc. In the first part of this paper, the definition and benefits of CCHP systems are clarified; then the characteristics of CCHP technologies—especially technical performances—are presented, as well as the status of utilization and developments. In the third part, diverse CCHP configurations of existing technologies are presented, particularly four typical systems of various size ranges. The worldwide status quo of CCHP development is briefly introduced by dividing the world into four main sections: the US, Europe, Asia and the Pacific and rest of the world. It is concluded that, within decades, promising CCHP technologies can flourish with the cooperative efforts of governments, energy-related enterprises and professional associations.     

The cooling performance of a radiator based roof component

Energy conservation in buildings is becoming an issue of great importance. Space cooling is getting important in most countries and different techniques have been developed one of which is radiative cooling. A prototype roof component, exploiting radiative cooling, was built and tested in the outdoor test facilities of the Centre of Renewable Energy Sources in Greece. The component comprises a radiator, which is utilizing water as the fluid medium and its cooling performance was investigated. This paper presents the construction of the component, the experimental set-up and the results taken during the monitoring procedure.