纯弯曲正应力实验装置的改进

介绍材料力学中纯弯曲实验的简易加载设备,它具有结构简易,操作方便,地方小,节省经费等优点．从实验结果可以看出简易加载设备完全能满足材料力学的实验教学要求．     

LATE水平集图像分割模型的矩形窄带法

窄带法是水平集图像分割的一种常见的加速方法.传统窄带仍然存在冗余的计算区域;传统窄带法与LATE （Local Approximation of Taylor Expansion）水平集模型结合时,图像分割效率反而可能下降.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于LATE水平集图像分割模型的矩形窄带法.在每次LATE水平集迭代之前,对水平集做如下窄带处理.首先找出水平集的所有过零点;然后对过零点做活动约束,剔除不活动的过零点,有效缩小窄带范围;再对活动约束的过零点生成矩形窄带;对重叠的矩形窄带进行合并优化,使得矩形窄带总面积尽可能小.最后,在矩形窄带范围内求解水平集微分方程,更新水平集,完成本次迭代.在水平集演化的不同阶段,对传统窄带法的窄带面积与本文矩形窄带面积进行了比较.随着迭代次数增加,矩形窄带面积与传统窄带法的窄带面积之比逐渐减小到0,说明矩形窄带法有效地减少了冗余计算量.针对不同程度的灰度不均匀图像,本文方法与LATE方法、结合LATE模型的直接窄带法、以及结合LATE模型的DTM窄带法进行了比较.直接窄带法和DTM窄带法的分割速度反而慢于LATE方法.对灰度严重不均匀的图像,直接窄带法和DTM窄带法的分割质量受到了较大影响.本文方法在保持较好分割效果的条件下,分割速度快于LATE方法.本文的矩形窄带方法有效地降低了算法复杂度,提高了图像分割效率.     

基于相位再同步技术的W波段高效率分布作用振荡器的研究

对基于12个周期的交错双排矩形波导慢波结构(staggered double rectangular waveguide slow wave structure,简记为SDRWSWS)的单谐振腔94.5GHz分布作用振荡器(extended interaction oscillator,EIO)进行了计算机模拟,给出了通过计算机模拟确定谐振腔结构参数及电子注参数的方法和步骤。提出了"相位再同步"的高效率方法,将谐振腔中从电子注输入端数起的第5~6个周期的慢波结构的周期降低到原来的90%左右,改变了谐振腔中轴向电场强度的分布,使轴向电场强度在远离输出口一端相对降低,而在靠近输出口一端相对升高,有助于电子注的调制随着电子注的行进而加强;同时,使在靠近输出口一端的轴向电场强度的相位增大了51.6°,从而与电子注的空间电荷波的相位保持同步并从电子注提取更多能量。计算机模拟结果证实,采用该技术的分布作用振荡器的功率和电子效率都得到显著提高,改善最大的数值是原来的2倍以上。     

改进的二阶总广义变分图像前后景分割模型

针对总变分TV图像前后景分割模型易导致阶梯效应的缺陷,提出了二阶总广义变分TGV图像前后景分割模型。为进一步提升图像分割质量,在TGV前后景分割模型的正则项中引入边缘指示函数,使其在图像边缘区域减弱扩散,较好地保护边缘;在图像平滑区域增强扩散,有效地消除噪声。为突出前景信息,用矩形框标出图像的前景信息,对框内部、外部和边缘的像素做距离映射,并根据能量最小化原则,在二阶TGV模型的数据项中引入此距离映射函数,使模型总能量更小。最后,提出了一种有效的原始对偶分割算法来求解模型。实验表明,新模型不但能够去除阶梯效应现象,保持图像的边缘信息,还使得模型总能量更小,分割得到的图像视觉效果更好。     

Analysis of passive intermodulation between rough rectangular waveguide flanges using fractal method

In nature, most of the surfaces are rough and waveguide flanges are not exception. And these surfaces topography are of high importance in the response of the waveguide flanges connection system. These surfaces topography are usually described by statistical parameters. And statistical parameters depend strongly on the resolution of the roughness‐measuring instrument, and hence the values of statistical parameters are not unique for a surface. As a result, the predictions of passive intermodulation (PIM) level of microwave devices based on these statistical parameters also may not be unique to a pair of contacting surfaces. Fortunately, fractal method is independent on the resolution of the roughness‐measuring instrument. Therefore, the randomness of the rough surface is not affected by the differences in the model. Consequently, if PIM level of rectangular waveguide is predicted with fractal parameters, the predicted value will be unique. Based on this motivation, a new model is developed. In this model, the fractal method is used to characterize the surface topography of waveguide flanges. Then, the third order PIM level of a rectangular waveguide flange is predicted. The analytic results are verified by PIM test set‐up. This work is help to understand PIM phenomenon and design the low‐PIM waveguide.     

A superior linearization method for signomial discrete functions in solving three-dimensional open-dimension rectangular packing problems

This article studies the three-dimensional open-dimension rectangular packing problem (3D-ODRPP) in which a set of given rectangular boxes is packed into a large container of minimal volume. This problem is usually formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem with a signomial term in the objective. Existing exact methods experience difficulty in solving large-scale problems within a reasonable amount of time. This study reformulates the original problem as a mixed-integer linear programming problem by a novel method that reduces the number of constraints in linearizing the signomial term with discrete variables. In addition, the range reduction method is used to tighten variable bounds for further reducing the number of variables and constraints in problem transformation. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the computational efficiency of the proposed method is superior to existing methods in obtaining the global optimal solution of the 3D-ODRPP.     

Thermomechanical buckling of hybrid cross-ply laminated rectangular plates

A thermomechanical buckling analysis is presented for simply supported rectangular symmetric cross-ply laminated composite plates that are integrated with surface-mounted piezoelectric actuators and are subjected to the combined action of in-plane compressive edge loads, two types of thermal loads, and constant applied actuator voltage. The formulation of equations is based on the classical laminated plate theory and the von-Karman non-linear kinematic relations. The analysis uses an exact method to obtain closed-form solutions for the buckling load. The effects of applied actuator voltage, thermal and mechanical loads, plate geometry, and lay-up configuration of the laminated plates are investigated. The novelty of the present work is to obtain closed-form solutions for electro-thermomechanical buckling of hybrid composite plates, and to cover non-uniform temperature distribution loading. The results for various states are verified with known data in the literature.     

矩形与X形组合蜂窝异面缓冲性能的研究

目的 为了研究矩形与X形组合蜂窝材料在异面冲击载荷下的缓冲吸能特性,建立矩形与X形组合蜂窝的有限元模型,分析在不同冲击条件下组合蜂窝结构的能量吸收、动态平台应力及其变形模式。方法 借助ANSYS/LS–DYNA软件建立可靠的基于单元阵列的异面缓冲性能有限元分析模型,基于该模型在不同结构参数和冲击速度下进行异面动态冲击仿真分析,将结果以图表等形式进行展示。结果 组合蜂窝结构的异面缓冲性能较矩形、X形蜂窝结构更为优异。当相对密度一定时,随着扩展角的增大,组合蜂窝结构的缓冲性能会有一定提升。扩展角为90°的组合蜂窝结构与扩展角为70°、50°和30°的组合蜂窝相比,其单位体积能量吸收值分别提高了3.77%、4.53%和26.95%。异面动态平台应力与冲击速度和结构参数之间,可用某一确定的曲线关系进行拟合。结论 矩形与X形蜂窝之间会产生较强的耦合效应,使组合蜂窝结构的接触载荷和总能量吸收值均大于两者之和;冲击速度对变形模式的影响较大,在冲击载荷下存在3种变形模式,但壁厚的改变对变形模式并未产生明显影响。当扩展角和冲击速度一定时,组合蜂窝异面动态平台应力与壁厚边长比呈二次曲线关系;给定扩展角和壁厚时,异面动态平台应力与冲击速度呈一次曲线关系。     

间隙法测量矩形角尺外角的不确定度分析

矩形角尺在实验室检测、现场调试的运用越来越广泛。矩形直角尺的检定及校准,既可以通过测微表直接测量,也可以通过间隙法间接测量。文章主要介绍间隙法测量0级及以下矩形角尺外角的不确定度分析。     

菱形破片战斗部成型的数值模拟与毁伤效果研究

以内刻V形槽战斗部圆柱壳体为研究对象,针对矩形破片战斗部产生破片连片的不足,设计并优化了菱形破片战斗部,利用LS-DYNA有限元软件对壳体膨胀破裂与破片形成过程进行了数值模拟,分析了战斗部壳体的断裂过程、破片速度的衰减、有效单个破片的个数。对单个破片进行毁伤效果模拟计算,并通过静爆试验进行了验证。结果证明:内刻V形槽菱形破片战斗部壳体膨胀破碎形成的破片连片率极低,有效单个破片数量多,初速高,并可以在7 m处有效侵彻8 mm 厚的Q235钢靶,试验与数值模拟结果相吻合。