Organic geochemistry of heavy/extra heavy oils from sidewall cores, Lower Lagunillas Member, Tia Juana Field, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela

The study of 22 oils from sidewall cores taken at different depths in the Lower Lagunillas Member, well LSJ-AB, Tia Juana Field, Maracaibo Lake is presented, with the purpose of predicting the intervals that present the best crude oil quality. Differences were detected in the biodegradation levels of the studied samples, which are correlated with the depth at which the sidewall core was taken. The API gravity was considered for the oils from each sidewall core and it was found that toward the top of the sequence, the oils have an API gravity of 10.6-11.2°, while toward the base part of the sequence, the well produces extra heavy oils with an API gravity that varies between 8.2 and 8.7°.     

超重力技术制备纳米氢氧化镁阻燃剂的应用研究

本文采用超重力技术制备纳米氢氧化镁阻燃剂并对其进行湿法表面改性．应用TEM、XRD、BET、吸油值、沉降速度等方法对改性前后的纳米氢氧化镁粉体进行了分析和表征．将改性前后的纳米氢氧化镁应用到软质PVC体系中。实验结果表明：超重力技术制备的纳米氢氧化镁的粒径为70nm,为六方形片状;经不同改性荆改性的粉体中．以硬脂酸锌改性粉体的应用效果较好;未改性纳米氢氧化镁的比表面为21．5760m^2／g,而改性粉体的比表面为22．0641m^2／g,有一定程度的增大;改性氢氧化镁的沉降速度减慢,吸油值下降．添加量为40份时PVC体系的综合性能较好。     

Pure and complex nanostructures using poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole], carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxide for high‐performance polymer solar cells

Crystallization of poly[bis(triiso‐propylsilylethynyl) benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthobisthiadiazole] (PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT) was investigated in supramolecules based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and their grafted derivatives. The principal peaks of PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT crystals were in the range 3.50°–3.75°. By grafting the surface of the carbonic materials, the assembling of polymer chains decreased because of hindrance of poly(3‐dodecylthiophene) (PDDT) grafts against π‐stacking. The diameters of CNT/polymer and CNT‐g‐PDDT/polymer supramolecules were 160 and 100 nm. The rGO/polymer supramolecules had the highest melting point (T_m = 282 °C) and fusion enthalpy (ΔH_m = 25.98 J g^?1), reflecting the largest crystallites and the most ordered constituents. Nano‐hybrids based on grafted rGO (276 °C and 28.26 J g^?1), CNT (275 °C and 27.32 J g^?1) and grafted CNT (268 °C and 22.17 J g^?1) were also analyzed. T_m and ΔH_m values were significantly less in corresponding melt‐grown systems. The nanostructures were incorporated in active layers of PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT:phenyl‐C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) solar cells to improve the photovoltaic features. The best results were detected for PBDT‐TIPS‐DTNT‐DT:PC₇₁BM:rGO/polymer systems having J_sc = 13.11 mA cm^?2, fill factor 60% and V_oc = 0.71 V with an efficacy of 5.58%. On grafting the rGO and CNT, efficiency reductions were 12.01% (5.58%–4.91%) and 9.34% (4.07%–3.69%), respectively. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳米二氧化钛/石墨烯改性水性聚氨酯抗菌涂料的制备与评价

通过简单高效的方法制备纳米二氧化钛 /还原氧化石墨烯（ TiO₂/rGO）复合材料,对复合材料进行红外光谱（ FT-IR）、扫描电镜（ SEM）以及 X射线衍射（XRD）表征,结果表明：成功制备了氧化石墨烯、锐钛型纳米 TiO₂,并将纳米 TiO₂均匀负载于氧化石墨烯片层,经水热还原得到 TiO₂/rGO复合材料。将制备的 TiO₂/rGO复合材料添加到水性聚氨酯涂料中,制备涂膜并测定其光催化降解能力,结果表明：纳米 TiO₂/rGO填料复合的聚氨酯涂膜具有较高的光催化能力。依据 HG/T 3950—2007标准测定涂膜抗菌性能,结果表明：水性聚氨酯涂料的抗菌能力达到国家 Ⅰ级标准,可以有效替代有机抗菌剂。该环保复合涂料在物理性质和应用性能上均符合化工行业标准要求。     

高效旋转精馏床的传质性能

以乙醇-水溶液为物系,以不锈钢波纹丝网为填料,在超重力因子为20~120、原料流量0.925~1.851 mol/h、回流比1.5~4.0、原料摩尔分数0.2425、室温进料和常压操作条件下,考察了高效旋转精馏床(HERDB)运行情况与传质性能。结果显示:①高效旋转精馏床运行平稳;②高效旋转精馏床的理论塔板数随超重力因子、原料流量和回流比的增大而增加;③在实验操作条件下,高效旋转精馏床传质单元高度为9.6~65.2 mm。与实验超重力精馏设备相比,高效旋转精馏床的等板高度大于实验室超重力精馏设备,说明存在放大效应。     

Production of L‐lactic acid with very high gravity distillery wastewater from ethanol fermentation by a newly isolated Enterococcus hawaiiensis

BACKGROUND: A great amount of wastewater with high contents of chemical oxygen demand (COD) are produced by ethanol production. It would be useful to utilize distillery wastewater to produce L‐lactic acid, which could be a high additional value byproduct of ethanol production. The fermentation process of L‐lactic acid production by a newly isolated Enterococcus hawaiiensis CICIM‐CU B0114 is reported for the first time. RESULTS: The strain produced 56 g L^?1 of L‐lactic acid after cultivation for 48 h in optimized medium consisting of (g L^?1) 80 glucose, 10 peptone, 10 yeast extract, 1.5 Na₂HPO₄ and 0.2 MgSO₄. E. hawaiiensis CICIM‐CU B0114 was isolated and purified by subculture for growing and producing L‐lactic acid in distillery wastewater of very high gravity (VHG) from ethanol fermentation. L‐lactic acid fermentation was further studied with distillery wastewater substrate in 7 L and 15 L fermentors. The results showed that L‐lactic acid concentrations of 52 g L^?1 and 68 g L^?1 was achieved in 7 L and 15 L fermentors with the initial sugar concentrations of 67 g L^?1 and 87 g L^?1, respectively. CONCLUSION: The production of L‐lactic acid by the newly isolated E. hawaiiensis CICIM‐CU B0114 was carried out and the fermentation medium was optimized by orthogonal experimental design. This new strain holds the promise of L‐lactic acid production utilizing distillery wastewater from VHG ethanol fermentation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

超重力液相沉淀法制备纳米铁酸钴

针对磁力搅拌器制备纳米材料时存在粒径分布宽、分散不均匀的问题,采用撞击流-旋转填料床结合化学共沉淀法,以Fe（NO₃）₃·9H₂O、Co（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、NaOH为原料制备CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒。研究了转速、液体流量、NaOH浓度以及晶化时间对CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒粒径的影响;并与磁力搅拌器制备的CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒在磁性能方面进行了对比。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）、透射电镜（TEM）、纳米粒度仪及振动样品磁强计（VSM）对产物的粒径形貌及磁性能进行表征。结果表明：CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒的粒径随转速、液体流量和NaOH浓度的增加而减小,但随晶化时间的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件为：转速900r/min,液体流量60L/h,NaOH浓度3mol/L,晶化时间6h。此条件下制备的CoFe₂O₄纳米颗粒的粒径约为20nm,饱和磁化强度为75.43emu/g,较磁力搅拌器提高40%。     

钢管混凝土柱-混合梁节点抗震性能试验研究

提出适用于装配式大跨度组合框架结构的钢管混凝土柱-混合梁节点. 为了研究节点的抗震性能及受力机理,对2个足尺中柱节点试件进行低周往复加载试验. 2个试件分别采用混合梁端型钢翼缘削弱式(RBS)节点以及梁端普通型钢节点. 对2个节点的破坏形态、耗能能力、承载能力、延性以及混合梁的应变分布规律进行对比分析. 试验结果表明,对梁端型钢翼缘的削弱处理可以有效促进试件在翼缘削弱区形成塑性铰,避免梁端焊缝的脆性破坏. 相比型钢未经处理的节点,翼缘削弱节点展现出更好的延性和耗能能力;梁底附加钢筋屈服后的黏结滑移会影响节点的耗能能力,在锚固长度满足规范要求的前提下,应适当增加其配筋率,以防止过早出现附加钢筋屈服后的黏结滑移.     

不同形貌MoS2电催化剂的制备及其析氢性能

为了提高二硫化钼催化水电解析氢的性能,采用钼酸铵和还原性磷钼酸铵(rPOM)两种不同的钼源,以硫代乙統胺为硫源,制备片状和花球状两种形貌的MoS2电催化剂,并通过物理表征与电化学分析,考察了其水电解析氢的性能.结果表明:与片状MoS2相比,花球状MoS2具有较低的过电位(在交流密度为10 mA/cm2时的过电位为287...