关于冷凝器封头的有限元局部应力分析

制冷设备冷凝器管程介质为水,壳程介质为制冷剂。管箱形式多种多样,尤其封头的形式,主要有冲压、铸造、板材加工等。文章针对这一问题,对其中一种特殊形式的封头结构进行受力分析。     

改变循环水冷却方式提高溶剂油收率的研究

本文对中国石油林源炼油厂50kt.a-1溶剂油装置进行分析,寻找影响加工量和产品收率的瓶颈效应,针对影响产品收率的循环水冷却系统提出相应的几种改造方案,通过对比择优进行技改,增加了装置的整体经济效益。     

Incorporation of an organic Rankine cycle in a transcritical booster CO2 refrigeration system

The objective of this work is the investigation of an alternative refrigeration system, which combines a supermarket CO₂ booster system with an organic Rankine cycle. The waste heat after the high-pressure compressor is used in order to feed the organic Rankine cycle for electricity production. The working fluid in the organic Rankine cycle is selected to be the octamethyltrisiloxane (MDM), which has a low global warming potential, and so all the used working fluids in the system are environmentally friendly. The system is studied in the transcritical region for ambient temperatures from 27°C to 40°C. In every case, the system is optimized in order to minimize the overall electricity demand. According to the final results, the system coefficient of performance (COP) can be enhanced from 4.83% to 7.60%, while the electricity consumption can be reduced from 4.60% to 7.03% compared with the conventional booster system. Higher enhancements are found in cases with higher ambient temperatures. Furthermore, a preliminary financial study indicates that the examined idea is viable with the simple payback period to be 5.45 years. The present study is conducted by using a homemade model written in Engineering Equation Solver.     

低温肉禽制品微波杀菌综合保鲜技术的理论与实践

本文阐述了微波杀菌保鲜的基本理论和技术,着重报道了作者近十年在这方面所做的部分工作和研究成果.     

制冷系统隐性故障分析

制冷系统中,隐性故障因故障现象不是十分明显而难以及时被发现,致使系统带故运行,造成能源的浪费。从热力学角度分析了制冷系统极易发生的5种隐性故障,总结出5种隐性故障的压力、温度变化特征,提供了判断隐性故障的途径。     

氨水吸收式制冷系统的经济分析

以天然气、燃油和蒸汽为热源的3种机型的单级氨水吸收式制冷机为研究对象,考察了其在制冷温度范围内的能量特性和输出冷量火用单价特性。研究发现,天然气型机组的性能系数最高,其次是蒸汽型机组,最低的是燃油型机组;而蒸汽型机组的火用效率远远高于其它两种机型,是另外两种机型效率的3倍左右;火用效率最大值存在于30℃至40℃的范围内;燃油型机组冷量火用单价最高,其次是蒸汽型机组,最低的是天然气型机组;冷量火用单价最小值都在制冷温度40℃附近。     

螺杆式制冷与活塞式制冷的比较

介绍了螺杆式制冷装置并进行了理论分析,阐述了螺杆式制冷装置和氨活塞式制冷装置的运行工况,通过分析,表明螺杆式制冷装置提高了油的利用率,降低了成本。具有体积小重量轻,高效换热,制冷过程简单,便于维护,运行安全,制冷量大及轴功率高等特点。     

吸附制冷用复合吸附剂导热性能强化

采用混装和添加导热材料强化吸附剂的传热,在高真空重量装置上测定了复合吸附剂的吸附等温线;对吸附剂的吸附和脱附性能进行了差热分析;在吸附制冷循环模拟实验装置上评价了吸附剂传热性能。结果表明:添加导热材料制备的吸附剂导热性能得到了明显改善,吸附床层传热温差降低了23%～30%;复合吸附剂等温线形状没有发生改变,吸附质量分数有所下降;单位质量吸附剂的制冷量提高7.5%～12.5%;混装铁屑的吸附剂制冷量比其单独使用时高24%。     

离子液体[BMIM][DBP]+水+甲醇/乙醇三元工质溶液蒸汽压的测量和预测(英文)

The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) was prepared and the vapor pressures of three set of binary solutions H2O(1)/CH3OH(1)/C2H5OH(1) + [BMIM][DBP](2) were measured at different temperature and in the ILs mole fraction range from 0.1 to 0.6 with a static equilibrium apparatus. The measured vapor pressures were correlated with Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model and the average relative deviations (ARD) between experimental and correlated vapor pressures for these binary solutions were 3.19%, 2.42% and 2.95%, respectively. Then, the vapor pressures of two set of ternary solutions H2O(1) + CH3OH(2)/C2H5OH(2) + [BMIM][DBP](3) were measured with an inclined boiling apparatus and further predicted with NRTL activity coefficient model based on the binary interaction parameters coming from fitting the vapor pressures of the binary solutions. The results indicated that the ternary solutions containing [BMIM][DBP] were shown a strong negative deviation from Raoult’s Law when the mole fraction of [BMIM][DBP] was larger than 0.2, which meant that ternary solutions could absorb the refrigerant vapors at the same or below solution temperature. Meanwhile, the average relative deviations between experimental and predicted vapor pressures for ternary solutions were 2.92% and 3.06%, respectively. Consequently, the NRTL active coefficient model used for non-electrolyte solutions was still valid for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary or ternary solutions containing ILs.     

一种新型太阳能吸附式制冷系统的设计及性能模拟

为了解决传统的双床连续吸附制冷系统中因在制冷剂环路使用真空挡板阀而存在的制冷剂压降的问题,使吸附式制冷系统更适合于应用太阳能,提出了利用硅胶-水作为吸附工质对的新型太阳能制冷系统.系统热源由40 m²的热管式真空管集热器提供,制冷机为特殊设计的吸附制冷系统,在上海典型日照条件下该系统可以较为稳定地提供5～8 kW的制冷量,系统COP达0.2以上.通过对系统的动态模拟和理论分析,证实了以硅胶-水为工质对的吸附式系统更适合利用太阳能,研究结果为进一步实验和改进系统性能提供理论指导.