Influence of foot orthosis customisation on perceived comfort during running

Although running is associated with many health benefits, it also exposes the body to greater risk of injury. Foot orthoses are an effective strategy to prevent such injuries. Comfort is an essential element in orthosis design since any discomfort alters the runner's biomechanics, compromising performance and increasing the risk of injury. The present study analyses the perceived comfort of three types of orthoses: custom-made, prefabricated and original running shoe insoles. Nine comfort variables for each insole were assessed in a sample of 40 runners. Custom-made and prefabricated insoles were both perceived as significantly more comfortable than the original insoles. The differences were clinically relevant and were potentially causes of modifications in running gait. Although the prefabricated insoles were rated slightly higher than the custom-made insoles, the differences were not statistically significant. This study shows that prefabricated insoles constitute a reasonable alternative to custom-made insoles in terms of comfort.     

Drivers’ eye movements as a function of collision avoidance warning conditions in red light running scenarios

The intersection collision avoidance warning systems (ICAWSs) have substantial potentials in improving driving performance and reducing the number and severity of intersection collisions, through helping drivers timely detect hazardous conflicting vehicles in precrash scenarios. However, the influences of ICAWS on drivers’ visual performance have barely been discussed. This study focuses on exploring the patterns in drivers’ eye movements as a function of ICAWS’s warning conditions in red light running scenarios based on a driving simulation experiment. Two types of speech warning conditions including warning timings (varied form 2.5 s to 5.5 s) and directional information (with or without) are examined, and the no-warning condition is the baseline. The results revealed that more subjects would be likely to benefit from the ICWAS under the earlier warning timings. The warning condition of 4.5 s ahead of a collision had the best effectiveness in terms of visual performances. Under such a warning timing, drivers had shorter fixation duration and higher frequency of searching for the red light running (RLR) vehicles. Compared to the warning condition without directional information, the directional warning information could capture drivers’ attention more efficiently, help driver direct fixations toward the RLR vehicles more quickly and lead to more scanning activities. Compared to female drivers, male drivers had more scanning activities when approaching intersections, detected the RLR vehicles more quickly and were more likely to avoid the RLR collisions. Besides, the experiment results indicated that the female drivers were more inclined to trust the warning information and got more benefits from the RLR-ICAWS in terms of the crash risk reduction rate than male drivers. Finally, the conclusions lead the way toward warning condition design recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the RLR-ICAWSs.     

高电流密度膜极距电解装置运行经验

介绍湖北兴瑞化工有限公司第1期15万t/a离子膜法烧碱装置运行情况.在高电流密度下通过严格控制各项工艺指标及规范操作,可确保该装置长期稳定运行.     

企业经营者股权激励

论述了经营者股权激励出现的缘由以及国外股权激励主要形式，介绍、分析了我国现阶段企业经营者股权激励的现状并提出了若干建议。     

基于LabVIEW的车灯日行灯自动化测试

设计了一种汽车日行灯自动测试系统。该系统主要由工业计算机、高性能数字摄像机硬件平台和LabVIEW软件平台两部分构成。采用摄像机拍摄一张标准日行灯图片作为模板,对待测试的日行灯进行图像采集且与模板比较。由模板定位出测试窗口,然后对各个窗口进行RGB模型分析和HSL模型分析,从而完成对日行灯颜色和明度的检测。此外,系统可同时对多个窗口进行分析,并可实时显示测试画面和测试结果,一次测试时间不超过6 s,且准确度和重复性较好,已在实际中应用。     

Stable and super‐low friction of amorphous carbon nitride coatings in nitrogen gas by using two‐step ball‐on‐disk friction test

Effect of running‐in process on friction behaviour of carbon nitride (CNx) coating in N₂ gas stream was investigated with a newly introduced two‐step ball‐on‐disk friction test, where the rubbed Si₃N₄ ball in the pre‐sliding (step 1) was replaced by a new CNx‐coated Si₃N₄ ball in the subsequent sliding stage under N₂ gas (step 2). The two‐step friction test is clarified to be a simple but effective technique for obtaining contact material combination of self‐mated CNx coatings and for achieving stable and low frictions of CNx coatings. Friction coefficients of CNx/CNx in N₂ gas stream decrease greatly from 0.07 without pre‐sliding to less than 0.025 in two‐step friction tests. The minimum friction coefficient of 0.004 was obtained by introducing 500 cycles of pre‐sliding in ambient air. These stable and low frictions are attributed to the generation of self‐mated CNx coatings and the formation of a lubricious layer on the disk surface. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

10 kV 变配电所高压系统设计中 MOA 避雷器的选型

分析民用10 kV 变配电系统中的过电压保护,对无间隙氧化锌避雷器的保护原理、设置原则、参数选择进行阐述。以10 kV 小电阻接地系统与经消弧线圈接地系统的避雷器选择为例,阐述避雷器参数的选型。     

谈山区二级公路路线设计体会

根据实际路线设计经验总结,对山区二级公路的选线原则进行了介绍,并结合项目区域特点,提出了选线过程中应注意的事项,总结了路线设计指标的运用要点,为今后类似公路的路线设计提供了参考依据。     

既有交通线路贯穿基坑的设计技术研究

为既有地铁隧道、市政道路所贯穿的基坑工程是设计行业亟待解决的工程难题,依托广州市珠江新城地下空间金穗路北区建设项目基坑工程,总结了几点设计关键技术:(1) 下穿基坑的地铁隧道采用密排挖孔桩+密肋梁的门式框架结构约束隧道变形,结合时空效应合理安排施工顺序,保证隧道在基坑施工期间正常运营;(2) 下穿基坑的地铁隧道与基坑边线交接部处理应灵活使用各种支护形式;(3) 市政道路横跨基坑时,基坑采用内支撑支护体系,内支撑下方土体正常开挖,同时在内支撑上覆钢便桥保证道路正常通行,并利用钢便桥作为管线原位保护的悬吊结构;(4) 综合运用岩土、结构、隧道、道路等专业知识,采用灵活的支护形式,实现基坑施工期间交通线路正常运行。     

横向行驶简支桥板最大内力计算方法探讨

同跨度的横向行驶的简支桥板与通常纵向行驶的简支桥板，在相同设计标准条件下，由于荷载分布情况不同，致使最不利截面和最大内力计算不尽相同，针对横向行驶的简支桥板最大内力计算十分烦琐的特点，推导出较为简便的计算公式，以供参考。