基于时间分辨纳米荧光微球的免疫层析技术快速检测副溶血性弧菌

由副溶血性弧菌引起的食品中毒事件频繁爆出,开发一种简单、快速且能大规模现场检测的方法对确保食品安全、避免经济损失具有重要意义。该研究成功开发了针对副溶血性弧菌现场快速检测的时间分辨荧光免疫层析技术（TRF-LFIA）。该方法将时间分辨纳米荧光微球（EuNPs）标记副溶血性弧菌单克隆抗体形成可以作为特异性免疫荧光探针的微球抗体偶联物,通过测定探针与目标致病菌结合后的荧光信号值来实现对目标致病菌的定量检测。该研究开发的TRF-LFIA方法对副溶血性弧菌检测的灵敏度为8.2×102 CFU/mL,视觉检测限为1.2×104 CFU/mL,线性范围为1.8×103~1.8×107 CFU/mL,回收率为84.25%~105.13%,变异系数（CV）为2.56%~9.14%,并且对其他7种主要食源性致病菌株检测未发生交叉反应。该研究所建立的TRF-LFIA检测方法具有灵敏度高,操作简单、快速,重复性、特异性好等优点,为针对副溶血性弧菌的现场快速检测提供了一种有力的检测工具。     

气调储藏对绿豆球蛋白消化特性及其与蛋白二级结构的相关性研究

为明确气调储藏对绿豆蛋白质消化特性及蛋白二级结构和消化特性的相关性,以新鲜绿豆和在室温及4℃气调储藏18个月的绿豆为原料,利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析经储藏后的绿豆蛋白其二级结构中α-螺旋结构增加,β-折叠结构减少;通过体外模拟消化实验发现不同气调储藏条件下绿豆球蛋白的胃肠消化率降低,消化产物中游离氨基酸含量降低。室温储藏后的绿豆球蛋白二级结构和胃肠消化率与新鲜绿豆球蛋白差异显著(P>0.05);而4℃气调储藏后的绿豆球蛋白二级结构和胃肠消化率与新鲜绿豆差异不显著(P<0.05)。说明4℃气调储藏可以减少绿豆球蛋白二级结构变化,从而影响胃肠消化率的变化。     

Genetic evaluation of in-line recorded milkability from milking parlors and automatic milking systems

The overall objective of this study was to assess the use of in-line recorded milkability information from dairy herds with conventional milking parlors (CMP) and from herds with automatic milking systems (AMS) for genetic evaluation. Some genetic parameters were previously studied on AMS data for 2,053 Swedish Holstein (SH) and 1,749 Swedish Red (SR) cows in 19 herds. These data were combined in the present paper with milkability information from 74 herds with CMP, including 11,123 SH cows and 7,554 SR cows. Genetic parameters were estimated for the CMP data and genetic correlations were estimated between milkability traits measured in the 2 systems. Average flow rate and milking time were derived and used as similar milkability traits for both systems, whereas box time was used only for AMS herds. Estimated heritabilities were in the range from 0.24 to 0.49. Even though the traits were differently defined in the 2 milking systems, the corresponding traits recorded in AMS and CMP were genetically closely related (0.93–1.00). Similarly, close genetic relationships were shown between milkability traits in different lactations in both breeds (0.93–0.99). Thus, it should be possible to treat milkability traits in different lactations and from different milking systems as the same traits in genetic evaluations. The various milkability traits were also highly genetically correlated, indicating that the inclusion of just one trait in the genetic selection program would efficiently select for milkability without the need to consider all measures. Comparisons of repeatability and random regression models, combining all information from the 2 systems for genetic evaluation, were done to find the most suitable model for genetic evaluation purposes. Even though the random regression models were favored in the formal model tests to evaluate suitability, correlation coefficients between test-days within lactation were high (0.7–0.8) and small differences in breeding values resulted among different models. That would indicate that a few test-days per cow would produce accurate breeding values for milkability.     

Quality of bull spermatozoa after preparation by single-layer centrifugation

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of single-layer centrifugation (SLC) through a species-specific colloid (Androcoll-B; patent pending, J. M. Morrell) on bull sperm quality. Computer-assisted sperm analysis of motility and flow cytometric analysis of sperm viability (SYBR-14/propidium iodide staining), chromatin integrity (acridine orange staining), reactive oxygen species production [Hoechst 33258-hydroethidine-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (HO-HE-DCFDA) staining], mitochondrial membrane potential (staining with JC-1 probe), and protein tyrosine phosphorylation (specific antibody staining) were performed on unselected and SLC-selected sperm samples. Single-layer centrifugation of bull spermatozoa resulted in the selection of a sperm population that had high mitochondrial membrane potential, a higher content of phosphorylated protein, and more reactive oxygen species than control samples. Sperm chromatin damage was lower in the SLC samples although sperm viability and motility did not differ between SLC samples and controls. These observations suggest that SLC of bull semen in a soybean-containing extender improved some, but not all, parameters of sperm quality.     

服装单件流程生产流水线设计研究

依据案例服装企业实施单件流程生产的实践,进行成衣工艺流程分析和设计。针对流水线生产存在的瓶颈,提出合理编排现场工序及缝制工作地、平衡工序节拍、提高编制效率及实现流水线同步化生产的优化方案,探讨不同批量订单和不同流水线生产方式的成衣单件流程生产模式及应用。     

浅谈螺旋密封原理及在电动工具中的应用

介绍了螺旋密封的两种基本结构、工作原理及封液能力的计算和设计方法,得出螺旋密封无泄漏的条件。通过试验,验证了旋向问题的重要性,为螺旋密封的应用提供了经验。     

二次杀菌时间对猪肉糜持水性的影响

测定猪肉糜二次杀菌前后的蒸煮损失、质构特性以及自旋-自旋弛豫时间,研究85℃条件下二次杀菌时间(0、5、10、15、20、25 min)对猪肉糜持水性的影响。结果表明:二次杀菌导致蒸煮损失率显著增加(P0.05),当杀菌时间超过15 min时,质构特性参数值显著降低(P0.05),不易流动水相对含量显著(P0.05)降低,而自由水相对含量则显著(P0.05)升高。说明二次杀菌时间会影响肉糜中蛋白质的保油保水性,进而影响肉糜制品的质构特性。     

连续流动法测定烟草中氨含量的改进方法

为了实现烟草中氨含量的快速检测,采用二氯异氰脲酸钠代替行业标准方法中使用的次氯酸钠,建立了一种新的烟草中氨含量的连续流动测定法。实验结果表明,该法重复测定的变异系数小于3%,回收率98.83%~101.97%,具有较好的重现性和准确性。t检测结果表明本法与行业标准法测试结果之间不存在显著性差异。     

金属丝径大小对液膜流动影响的CFD研究

精馏过程气液两相流动分布特征对分离效率具有重要影响,为研究金属丝网波纹填料表面液膜流体动力学特性,建立基于VOF法的液膜在金属丝网表面上的气—液两相逆流CFD模型,并根据液膜流动特点考虑了表面张力动量源项和气液界面作用力动量源项。模拟结果与文献流动形式相符,表明文中提出的CFD液膜流动模型具有一定的可靠性。文中主要考察丝径大小对液膜流动的影响,模拟结果表明适当改变丝径的大小有助于改善液膜的稳定,对于提高丝网填料气液之间的传质效率有重要意义。     

基于CFD流场分析的反应釜搅拌器结构改进

承压反应釜在固液混合过程中往往伴随强烈的热传递效应,而密度较低的粉末状固相介质与液体混合的难度相对较大,投料溶入效果不佳和物料结团漂浮等问题较常见。针对此类反应釜的搅拌不充分等问题,采用CFD技术指导反应釜内搅拌器结构进行设计和改进,对反应釜内的固液搅拌混合过程进行了三维数值模拟。数值计算采用多重参考系法(MRF),κ-ε湍流模式以及Mixture多相流模型,模拟了反应釜中的流场形态,通过混合过程的两相流计算得到固相体积分数的分布情况和变化规律,并在此基础上预测了混合时间。结果表明:改进后的搅拌器效果明显增强,该混合过程的CFD模拟可得到相对准确的流场分布及各项特性参数预测结果,可为该类反应釜搅拌器的设计和优化提供参考。