聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核-壳粒子的制备

由种子乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯核-壳粒子。以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为乳化剂,合成了聚苯乙烯(PS)种子核;连续滴加甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),在核表面富集MMA,制备了粒径范围在0.16~0.67μm的核-壳粒子;当单体苯乙烯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(St/MMA)的比为30∶70(质量比)时,所得粒径在0.18μm,粒径分布为0.012。差示扫描量热(DSC)研究显示,复合粒子的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为97.2℃,峰形单一,表现出良好的热性能。     

新型U型外包钢-混凝土组合梁薄弱截面分析

新型U型钢-混凝土组合粱强度高、延性好且便于施工、应用前景广阔。针对这种新型U型钢-混凝土组合梁的两个受力薄弱截面,并根据试验,分析其具体位置和形成原因,对薄弱截面采取抗剪、抗滑移措施,效果良好。     

采用微反应器制备超细碳酸钡的研究

采用微反应器对共沉淀法制备超细碳酸钡进行了研究,考察了反应物流速、反应温度、反应物浓度、添加分散剂等因素对超细碳酸钡颗粒形貌及粒径的影响,并用场发射扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪和比表面积分析仪对所制备的碳酸钡颗粒进行了表征.结果表明,采用微反应器可制得粒度分布均匀、长径比为4的柱状和粒径约为300 nm的球状超细碳酸钡颗粒.     

Fabrication of hollow silica particles using copolymeric spheres prepared in supercritical carbon dioxide

Amine functional polymeric spheres were prepared via the dispersion polymerization of 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and methylmethacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide, and they were employed efficiently as templates for the fabrication of hollow silica particles. A small amount of divinyl benzene was used as a crosslinking agent to control the morphology of the copolymeric particles from clumpy solid to spherical shape. The assembly of the polymeric spheres with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) through hydrothermal methods produced core-shell type hybrid particles. The whole process required neither surface treatment for the polymeric particles nor addition of any acidic or basic catalyst for the hydrolysis of silica precursor because dimethylamino groups of the copolymeric spheres were able to absorb water and catalyze the hydrolysis of TEOS for the deposition of the silica gel network. The polymeric cores were completely removed by calcination process and silica hollow particles with well-defined structure were obtained finally. The silica hollow particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, which clearly revealed that the silica spheres had the hollow structure with 151 nm wall thickness.     

超细颗粒物增湿团聚技术研究进展

流化床内喷雾增湿可以使颗粒在不断的碰撞中发生强烈的传热传质而团聚长大。综述了颗粒物化特性、操作参数及加入团聚促进剂对颗粒团聚的影响,分析了循环流化床烟气脱硫工艺的工艺过程、床内增湿团聚机理以及综合脱除SO2以及超细颗粒物的可行性,指出增湿团聚技术可以有效提高燃煤烟气中超细颗粒物的脱除效率,有很好的应用前景。     

Hydroxyapatite crystallization from a highly concentrated phosphate solution using powdered converter slag as a seed material

A system for recovering phosphorus from membrane-filtrate from a sludge reduction process containing high phosphorus concentrations was developed. In this system, referred to as the completely mixed phosphorus crystallization reactor, powdered converter slag was used as a seed material. In a preliminary experiment, the optimal pH range for metastable crystallization of phosphorus from membrane-filtrate containing about 100mg/L PO(4)-P was found to be 6.6-7.0. The laboratory scale completely mixed phosphorus crystallization reactor, actually operated in pH range of 6.8-7.6 for influent 72.9 mg/L PO(4)-P, achieved an average efficiency of phosphorus removal from the membrane-filtrate of 52.4% during a 30-day experiment. Mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) measurements revealed that, out of 0.24 kg PO(4)-P in the original membrane-filtrate fed into the reactor, 0.12 kg PO(4)-P was recovered on the seed particles after 30 days. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the crystalline material deposited on the seed particles showed peaks consistent with hydroxyapatite. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images exhibited that finely distributed crystalline material was formed on the surfaces of seed particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis revealed that the molar composition ratio of Ca/P of the crystalline material was 1.84. The Ca/P molar ratio>1.67 for crystalline substance might result from the presence of CaCO(3) on the crystalline surfaces. A particle size distribution analysis showed that the average particle size increased from 22 microm for the original converter slag seed particles, to 94 microm after 30 days of phosphorus crystallization. Collectively, the present results suggest that the proposed phosphorus crystallization recovery system is an effective tool for recycling phosphorus from phosphate solution.     

Generation of urban road dust from anti-skid and asphalt concrete aggregates

Road dust forms an important component of airborne particulate matter in urban areas. In many winter cities the use of anti-skid aggregates and studded tires enhance the generation of mineral particles. The abrasion particles dominate the PM10 during springtime when the material deposited in snow is resuspended. This paper summarizes the results from three test series performed in a test facility to assess the factors that affect the generation of abrasion components of road dust. Concentrations, mass size distribution and composition of the particles were studied. Over 90% of the particles were aluminosilicates from either anti-skid or asphalt concrete aggregates. Mineral particles were observed mainly in the PM10 fraction, the fine fraction being 12% and submicron size being 6% of PM10 mass. The PM10 concentrations increased as a function of the amount of anti-skid aggregate dispersed. The use of anti-skid aggregate increased substantially the amount of PM10 originated from the asphalt concrete. It was concluded that anti-skid aggregate grains contribute to pavement wear. The particle size distribution of the anti-skid aggregates had great impact on PM10 emissions which were additionally enhanced by studded tires, modal composition, and texture of anti-skid aggregates. The results emphasize the interaction of tires, anti-skid aggregate, and asphalt concrete pavement in the production of dust emissions. They all must be taken into account when measures to reduce road dust are considered. The winter maintenance and springtime cleaning must be performed properly with methods which are efficient in reducing PM10 dust.     

CO低温氧化纳米金催化剂研究进展

从载体、制备方法和条件、助剂、反应机理等几个方面介绍了近年来国内外研究者对CO低温氧化金催化剂的研究工作取得的最新进展,特别对助剂在纳米金催化剂中的应用进行了总结。     

大晶粒纯镁疲劳变形过程中交叉滑移迹线的分析

在室温条件下研究了大晶粒纯镁疲劳变形过程中有可能激活的滑移系统及滑移迹线。结果表明,经过疲劳变形后大量的纵横交叉滑移迹线在样品表面产生,基于晶粒取向与滑移迹线方向的综合判定,这种纵横交叉滑移迹线是由反复疲劳变形过程中基体的基面滑移与同一区域内｛102｝孪生过程中所再次产生的基面滑移而形成。通过实验观察到最有可能发生的锥面滑移系统为在｛101｝面上所产生的<113>锥面滑移,但总体上来说,基面的滑移迹线比锥面的滑移迹线更密集,这说明锥面滑移在整个疲劳变形过程中被抑制。     

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Very High Dose Local Vessel Wall Statin Administration: Poly(L,L-Lactide) Biodegradable Microspheres with Simvastatin for Drug Delivery System (DDS)

Atherosclerosis involves an ongoing inflammatory response of the vascular endothelium and vessel wall of the aorta and vein. The pleiotropic effects of statins have been well described in many in vitro and in vivo studies, but these effects are difficult to achieve in clinical practice due to the low bioavailability of statins and their first-pass metabolism in the liver. The aim of this study was to test a vessel wall local drug delivery system (DDS) using PLA microstructures loaded with simvastatin. Wistar rats were fed high cholesterol chow as a model. The rat vessels were chemically injured by repeated injections of perivascular paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil. The vessels were then cultured and treated by the injection of several concentrations of poly(L,L-lactide) microparticles loaded with the high local HMG-CoA inhibitor simvastatin (0.58 mg/kg) concentration (SVPLA). Histopathological examinations of the harvested vessels and vital organs after 24 h, 7 days and 4 weeks were performed. Microcirculation in mice as an additional test was performed to demonstrate the safety of this approach. A single dose of SVPLA microspheres with an average diameter of 6.4 μm and a drug concentration equal to 8.1% of particles limited the inflammatory reaction of the endothelium and vessel wall and had no influence on microcirculation in vivo or in vitro. A potent pleiotropic (anti-inflammatory) effect of simvastatin after local SVPLA administration was observed. Moreover, significant concentrations of free simvastatin were observed in the vessel wall (compared to the maximum serum level). In addition, it appeared that simvastatin, once locally administered as SVPLA particles, exerted potent pleiotropic effects on chemically injured vessels and presented anti-inflammatory action. Presumably, this effect was due to the high local concentrations of simvastatin. No local or systemic side effects were observed. This approach could be useful for local simvastatin DDSs when high, local drug concentrations are difficult to obtain, or systemic side effects are present.