钢制带轮热旋压成形工艺分析及有限元模拟

研究钢制三角带轮的成形工艺,通过对旋压成形原理分析和旋轮设计,提出钢制三角带轮热旋压成形的四步成形工艺,并运用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对旋压成形过程进行数值模拟.模拟分析了旋轮形状、旋压进给量和旋压进给比对旋压成形质量、等效应变、等效应力、成形载荷以及轴向压紧力的影响.结果表明:所设计的成形工艺、旋轮形状及工艺参数合理可行;锻件变形均匀,成形质量高,成形载荷较小;在各项工艺参数中,旋轮的形状和旋压进给比是锻件成形的主要影响因素.     

Phase transformations in face centered cubic (Al0.32Cr0.68)2O3 thin films

Face centered cubic (Al_0.32Cr_0.68)₂O₃ thin films have been annealed in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C during 2–8 h. The fcc structure of the film remains intact when annealed at temperatures up to 700 °C for 8 h. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show the onset of phase transformation to corundum phase alloys in the sample annealed at 900 °C for 2 h, where annealing at 1000 °C for 2 h results in complete phase transformation to α-(Al_0.32Cr_0.68)₂O₃. In-plane and out-of-plane line scans performed in EDX TEM and θ/2θ XRD patterns did not show any phase separation into α-Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ prior and after the annealing. The apparent activation energy of this process is 380–480 kJ/mol as determined by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami model.     

水力旋流器固体颗粒运动行为的分析

通过对旋流器内固体颗粒的受力分析,提出固体颗粒精确运动轨迹结构是由确定性的径向力、轴向力以及不确定性的随机力所决定,并对固体颗粒存在的随机因素进行了分析.在此基础上,分析了固体颗粒与液体的跟随性,认为在强湍流情况下,颗粒除在径向方向的运动有别于液体介质外,在轴向与切向也存在差异,且这种差异与颗粒粒度大小、密度、流体性质以及湍流强度有关.     

固液界面对流体动压润滑膜厚的影响

目的研究固液界面对流体动压润滑油膜厚度的影响。方法在面接触润滑油膜光学测量装置中,旋转的光学玻璃圆盘和静止的微型滑块平面构成面接触摩擦副。实验选取PAO6和80%甘油水溶液作为润滑剂,而滑块使用的表面材料为钢和二氧化硅两种。实验中分别利用同种润滑液体与不同滑块表面材料组合,以及不同润滑液体与同种滑块表面材料组合成不同界面组。针对不同界面组进行不同条件下的膜厚-速度关系曲线的测量。各界面的亲和性通过液体对固体的接触角评价。结果 PAO6/钢界面与PAO6/SiO_2界面产生的膜厚-速度曲线无明显差别,并与经典润滑理论计算值保持一致。而PAO6对钢表面和二氧化硅表面的接触角分别为17.5°和21.9°,两界面的亲和性差别不大。当界面组内各界面亲和性差别较大时,对应的膜厚表现出差别。亲和性较弱,或对应液体在固体的接触角较大时,膜厚相对较低。对于文中实验条件,界面效应随载荷的增加表现明显。初步分析表明,载荷的增加会加大摩擦副出口处油膜的剪切应变率,诱发滑移,从而使得界面效应明显。结论在流体动压薄膜润滑条件下,固液界面亲和性可以对膜厚产生明显的影响。     

气化炉镍基实心焊丝堆焊工艺研究与应用

通过工艺试验,镍基实心焊丝气体保护焊采用焊丝ERNiCrMo-3(φ 1.2 mm),保护气体选用I3(Ar+He)堆焊,基材1.7335(1Cr-0.5Mo)、SA-387Gr11CL2,其堆焊层化学成分、综合力学性能均满足EN规范要求,抗晶间腐蚀能力能够满足设备技术要求;焊缝成形美观,飞溅少,工艺性能良好,能有效减少焊接变形,提高了焊接效率.已应用于气化炉内件管屏等大面积堆焊制造,解决了气化炉管屏、壳体、接管大面积镍基堆焊技术难题.     

微量硼对铂的组织和性能影响

采用真空熔铸法制备不同硼含量铸锭,并加工成不同丝径的样品,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子拉力试验机等分析手段对其物理性能和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明,硼在铂中形成间隙固溶体,铂的晶格常数增大,产生晶格畸变,阻碍位错移动,铂的强度得到明显强化,硼与铂形成合金后,使铂的晶粒得到细化,硼在铂中起到强化作用的同时也使铂的脆性增加。     

固溶处理对氮微合金化高强度因瓦合金组织和性能的影响

时效强化是一种便于实现,且对高强度因瓦合金比较有效的强化措施。实现这一强化手段的前提是需对材料进行适当的固溶处理。为此,本文研究了N微合金化因瓦合金在固溶处理过程中微观组织和力学性能及物理性能的变化。结果表明,随着固溶处理温度的升高,在热轧态形变的奥氏体晶粒中形成新的再结晶晶粒数量不断增加,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。当固溶处理温度为1150 ℃时,热轧态析出的第二相粒子已基本完全溶解于奥氏体基体,此时的材料不仅晶粒细小,而且具有较高的硬度(187.4 HV0.1)、强度(Rm=625.6 MPa)和最好的塑性(A=37.0%)。尽管其膨胀系数是热轧态的1.20倍,但仍处在4.41×10-6 ℃-1很低水平。固溶处理温度进一步增加,不仅使奥氏体晶粒急剧增加,而且使材料的力学性能和膨胀特性全面恶化。     

Effect of magnesium on dispersoid strengthening of Al—Mn—Mg—Si (3xxx) alloys

The effects of magnesium addition on the dispersoid precipitation as well as mechanical properties of 3xxx alloys were investigated. The microstructures in as-cast and heat-treated conditions were evaluated by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results reveal that Mg has a strong influence on the distribution and volume fraction of dispersoids during precipitation heat treatment. The microhardness and yield strength at ambient temperature increase with increasing Mg content. The solid solution and dispersoid strengthening mechanisms of materials after heat treatment are quantitatively analyzed. Dispersoid strengthening for the alloys is the predominant strengthening mechanism after precipitation heat treatment. An analytical model is introduced to predict the evolution of ambient-temperature yield strength.     

Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2/Al2O3 as advanced materials for three-way catalysts: Part 1. Catalyst characterisation, thermal stability and catalytic activity in the reduction of NO by CO

Pd-loaded Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ solid solutions supported on Al₂O₃ are investigated as catalysts for the reduction of NO by CO. The attention is focused on the role of the Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ and of the Pd dispersion on the catalytic activity. The system shows a very high activity below 500 K, which is almost independent on the Pd dispersion. The high activity is attributed to a promoting effect of the Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ on the NO conversion. Investigation of the influence of high temperature treatments disclosed a thermal stabilisation of both Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂ and Al₂O₃ in the Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂/Al₂O₃ system.     

Preparation of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films on Strontium-Doped LaMnO3 Cathode Substrates via Electrophoretic Deposition for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin film on an La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ porous cathode substrate was prepared, using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to fabricate a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The electrical conductivity of an La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ substrate is satisfactorily high at room temperature; therefore, YSZ powder could be deposited electrophoretically onto an La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ substrate without any extra surface treatment, such as a metal coating. Successive repetition of EPD and sintering was required to obtain a film without gas leakage, because of the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the YSZ and the La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ substrate. On the other hand, the electromotive force of the oxygen concentration in the cell that used YSZ film prepared via EPD increased and attained the theoretical value when the number of deposition and calcination cycles was increased. Six or more successive repetitions were required to obtain a YSZ film without gas leakage. A planar-type SOFC was fabricated, using nickel as the anode and YSZ film (∼10 μm thick) that had been deposited onto the La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ substrate as the electrolyte and cathode. The cell exhibited an open circuit voltage of 1.0 V and a maximum power density of 1.5 W/cm². Thus, the EPD method could be used as a colloidal process to prepare YSZ thin-film electrolytes for SOFCs.